2006 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD Specs
OVERVIEW
With a fuel consumption of 30.9 mpg US - 37.1 mpg UK - 7.6 L/100km, a curb weight of 4221 lbs (1915 kg), the Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD has a 4 cylinder DOHC engine, a Regular gasoline engine MR20DE. This engine MR20DE produces a maximum power of 130.7 PS (129 bhp - 96.1 kW) at 5200 rpm and a maximum torque of 187.3 Nm (138.1 lb.ft - 19.1 kg.m) at 4000 rpm. The engine power is transmitted to the road by the four wheel drive (4WD) with a CVT gearbox. For stopping power, the Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD braking system includes drum at the rear and V disk at the front. Stock tire sizes are 195/60 on 15 inch rims at the rear and 195/60 on 15 inch rims at the front. Chassis details - Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD has trailing arm type rear suspension and strut front suspension for road holding and ride confort.
Add to compare listGENERAL INFORMATION | |
---|---|
Period of Production | Jun 2006 - Apr 2007 |
Drive Wheels - Traction - Drivetrain | 4WD |
Transmission Gearbox - Number of Speeds | CVT |
Engine Size - Displacement - Engine Capacity | 1997 cm3 or 121.8 cu-in |
Frame Name | DBA-NB30 |
NISSAN LAFESTA 2.0 HIGHWAY STAR V NAVI EDITION PANORAMIC ROOF SPEC 4WD SIZE, DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT | |
Exterior Length | 455 cm or 179.13 inches |
Exterior Width | 169.5 cm or 66.73 inches |
Exterior Height | 161.5 cm or 63.58 inches |
Exterior Size (L x W x H) | 455x169.5x161.5 cm or 179.13x66.73x63.58 inches |
Interior Length | 269 cm or 105.9 inches |
Interior Width | 142 cm or 55.9 inches |
Interior Height | 123 cm or 48.42 inches |
Interior Size (L x W x H) | 269x142x123 cm or 105.9x55.9x48.42 inches |
Wheelbase | 270 cm or 106.29 inches |
Front Axle Length | 148.5 cm or 58.46 inches |
Rear Axle Length | 147.5 cm or 58.07 inches |
Ride Height - Ground Clearance | 13.5 cm or 5.31 inches |
Weight | 1530 kg or 3373 lbs |
Num. of Seats | 7 |
Num. of Doors | 5 |
Minimum Turning Circle - Turning Diameter, m | 5.1 |
Fuel Tank Capacity | 13.2 US gallons 10.9 UK gallons 50 L |
Curb Weight | 1915 kg or 4221 lbs |
Seat Rows | 3 |
Front/Rear Axis Length | 148.5/147.5 cm or 58.46/58.07 inches |
NISSAN LAFESTA 2.0 HIGHWAY STAR V NAVI EDITION PANORAMIC ROOF SPEC 4WD ENGINE TECHNICAL DATA | |
Engine Code | MR20DE |
Maximum Power - Output - Horsepower | 130.7 PS or 129 bhp or 96.1 kW |
Maximum Power RPM | 5200 rpm |
Maximum Power Output | 130.7 PS or 129 bhp or 95 kW @ 5200 rpm |
Maximum Torque | 187.3 Nm or 138.1 lb.ft or 19.1 kg.m |
Maximum Torque RPM | 4000 rpm |
Maximum Torque Output | 187 Nm or 138.1 lb.ft or 19.1 kg.m @ 4000 rpm |
Engine Type - Number of Cylinders | 4 cylinder DOHC |
Fuel Type | Regular gasoline |
Fuel Consumption (10/15 mode) | 30.9 mpg US 37.1 mpg UK 7.6 L/100km |
Variable Cylinder Management - VCM | |
Ecological Type | 2005 emission regulation 85% reduction |
NISSAN LAFESTA 2.0 HIGHWAY STAR V NAVI EDITION PANORAMIC ROOF SPEC 4WD SUSPENSION | |
Front Brakes - Disc Dimensions | V disk |
Rear Brakes - DisΡ Dimensions | drum |
Front Suspension | strut |
Rear Suspension | trailing arm type |
Front Tyres - Rims Dimensions | 195/60 R15 |
Rear Tyres - Rims Dimensions | 195/60 R15 |
Aluminium Disk | |
4WS - Four-Wheel Steering | |
Variable Gear Ratio Steering - VGS/VGRS | |
Sport-Tuned Suspension | |
Low Down Suspension | |
NISSAN LAFESTA 2.0 HIGHWAY STAR V NAVI EDITION PANORAMIC ROOF SPEC 4WD EXTERIOR | |
Sunroof | |
Front Spoiler | |
Rear Spoiler | |
Xenon Lamps | |
Front Fog Lamps | |
Rear Fog Lamps | |
Ultraviolet Glass Protection | |
Roof Rail | |
Big Sunroof | |
T Bar Roof | |
Roof Equipment | |
Targa Roof | |
Hard Top | |
Soft Top | - |
Canvas Top | - |
Metal Top | - |
Magnesium Wheels | |
Side Sliding Door | |
Sliding Doors | |
Sliding Electric Door | |
Sliding Electric Doors | |
Door Easy Closer | |
Power Rear Door | |
Head Lights Washer | |
Privacy Glass | |
Winter Complectation | |
NISSAN LAFESTA 2.0 HIGHWAY STAR V NAVI EDITION PANORAMIC ROOF SPEC 4WD INTERIOR | |
Power Window | |
Power Steering | |
Keyless Enter | |
Cruise Control | |
Leather Seat | |
Power Adjustable Seats | |
Front Seat Heater | |
Power Ajustable Front Seat | |
Removable Seats | |
Shifter Position | instrument panel |
Steering Locaton | right |
Steereing Gear Type | rack & pinion type with power assist |
Ottoman Seat | |
Front Bench Seat | |
Full Flat Seats | - |
Seat Position Memory | |
Seat Lifter | |
Adjustable 3rd Row | |
Walk Throught | possible |
2nd Row Throught | - |
2nd Row | separate folding |
3nd Row | bench folding |
Lagage Box | |
Engine Start Button | |
Etc | |
Bucket Seat | |
NISSAN LAFESTA 2.0 HIGHWAY STAR V NAVI EDITION PANORAMIC ROOF SPEC 4WD SAFETY | |
Drivers Airbag | |
Passengers Airbag | |
Side Airbag | |
ABS | ABS with EBD ( standard ) |
Break Assist | |
Parking Radar | |
Curtain Airbags | |
2 Airbags | |
Front Monitor | |
Sides Monitors | |
Back Monitor | |
Active Headrest | |
Start Stop System | |
Run Flat Tires | |
Air Suspension | |
Brakes Equipment | - |
Collision Mitigation System | |
Night Vision | |
Lane Keep Assist | |
Distance Control System | |
Sonar | |
Cenral Diff Lock | |
ESC | |
Traction Control | |
Down Hill Assist | |
AYC | |
SH-4WD | |
Isofix Bar | |
Build-in Child Seat | |
Autocorrected Mirrors | |
Rain Sensor | |
Intelligent AFS | |
Alarm System | |
Security Alarm | |
Road Service | - |
AMENITY | |
Air Conditioner | autoair conditioning(standard) |
Air Purifier | |
Radio | |
Autoreverse Casette | |
CD Player | |
MD Palyer | |
Navigation System | DVD navigation (standard) |
Mesomorphic Monitor | analog TV tuner (standard) |
Traffic Jam Assist | CARWINGS (option) |
Audio HDD | |
DVD-audio | |
Additional Sound Equipment | - |
Rear Entertainment System | |
Speaker | |
AC Plug | |
Stearing Wheel Heater | |
Rear Seats Heater | |
Humidifier | |
Air Filter | |
Antibacterial Filter | |
Πdor Absorber | |
Dehumidifier | |
Intelligent Parking Assist | |
Optional Navigation System | |
OTHER | |
LSD |
- Present
- Option
- Not Present (or Dealer Option)
By Brian Wong, Reviewed by: Kurt Niebuhr, Updated on March 29, 2024
π Model Overview
π Engine Specifications
π Performance Data
π Fuel Efficiency
π Fuel Tank Capacity
π Dimensions and Sizes
π Wheel Specifications
π Trim Levels and Features
π Conclusion
π Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the 2006-Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI Edition
Introduction
During the production period of June 2006 to April 2007, Nissan introduced the impressive 2006-2007 Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD model. This iteration of the Lafesta was designed to cater to those seeking a combination of comfort, style, and performance. The car boasts a 4WD drivetrain, ensuring optimal traction and control on various road conditions. Its CVT transmission with an unspecified number of speeds provides smooth and efficient power delivery.Under its sleek exterior, the Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition offers a powerful MR20DE engine with a displacement of 1997 cmΓΒ³. This engine, operating within the frame name DBA-NB30, translates to a robust driving experience. The car's overall dimensions and sizes are well-balanced, with exterior lengths of 455 cm, a width of 169.5 cm, and a height of 161.5 cm. The interior comfortably accommodates seven seats across three rows, making it an ideal choice for larger families or group travel.
Safety features include standard driver and passenger airbags, along with ABS with EBD for enhanced braking control. The Lafesta's exterior design features stand-out elements like standard front and rear spoilers, and the option for Xenon lamps for improved visibility. It also comes with a standard ultraviolet glass protection for the cabin.
Inside, convenience and technology take the forefront. The Lafesta comes equipped with power windows, power steering, and keyless entry as standard features. The interior dimensions provide ample space, with options for power-adjustable front seats and a seat lifter. The car's entertainment system comprises a standard radio, CD player, and a DVD navigation system. For passengers, the Lafesta offers a comfortable cabin environment with an available air purifier and antibacterial filter.
The 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD is a well-rounded offering from Nissan, combining performance, safety, and comfort in a package designed to cater to a variety of needs and preferences.
Model Overview
The 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD stands out as a versatile and capable model within Nissan's lineup. Designed for those who appreciate a combination of performance, style, and functionality, this iteration of the Lafesta offers a range of features that make it a compelling choice in its segment.At the heart of the Lafesta is its powerful MR20DE engine, which boasts a displacement of 1997 cmΓΒ³ and delivers an impressive 130.7 PS (129 bhp) of power at 5200 rpm. This engine's performance is further enhanced by the inclusion of a 4WD drivetrain, ensuring optimal traction and stability on various road conditions. The car's CVT transmission contributes to a smooth and seamless driving experience, making it suitable for both urban commuting and longer journeys.
The exterior design of the Lafesta combines modern aesthetics with functional features. With dimensions that offer a balanced presence on the road, the Lafesta measures 455 cm in length, 169.5 cm in width, and 161.5 cm in height. The panoramic roof adds an extra touch of luxury and provides a unique view of the surroundings.
Inside the cabin, the Lafesta offers a well-appointed interior with comfortable seating for up to seven passengers across three rows. The interior dimensions provide ample space for occupants, with a focus on practicality and comfort. The car's entertainment system features standard amenities such as a radio and CD player, while the available DVD navigation system ensures easy navigation and connectivity.
Safety features are a priority in the Lafesta, with standard driver and passenger airbags, ABS with EBD, and additional options for curtain airbags. The car's exterior design also integrates practical elements, including standard front and rear spoilers that enhance aerodynamics and aesthetics.
In conclusion, the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD presents a well-rounded package that caters to a wide range of needs. With its powerful engine, versatile drivetrain, comfortable interior, and thoughtful safety features, the Lafesta is an enticing option for those seeking a blend of performance and practicality in a stylish package.
Engine Specifications
The heart of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD is its robust and capable MR20DE engine. With a displacement of 1997 cmΓΒ³, this 4-cylinder DOHC engine is designed to deliver a balanced blend of power and efficiency. Generating a maximum power output of 130.7 PS (129 bhp) at 5200 rpm and a torque of 187.3 Nm (138.1 lb.ft) at 4000 rpm, the MR20DE provides ample performance for a range of driving scenarios.This engine's design contributes to its efficiency, making it suitable for both urban commuting and longer journeys. It operates on regular gasoline and complies with the 2005 emission regulations, achieving an 85% reduction in emissions. The car's fuel consumption in the 10/15 mode is noteworthy, with figures of 30.9 mpg US or 37.1 mpg UK, equivalent to approximately 7.6 L/100km.
Coupled with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) with an unspecified number of speeds, the MR20DE engine ensures a smooth and responsive driving experience. The combination of the engine's power output, efficient transmission, and 4WD drivetrain provides a well-rounded performance package, allowing the Lafesta to tackle a variety of road conditions with confidence.
In conclusion, the engine specifications of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD highlight its balanced approach to power and efficiency. With a focus on performance and emissions reduction, the MR20DE engine contributes to the overall appeal of the Lafesta as a versatile and capable vehicle in its segment.
Performance Data
The 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD offers a blend of performance characteristics that cater to a variety of driving preferences. Powered by the MR20DE engine, this model delivers a maximum power output of 130.7 PS (129 bhp) at 5200 rpm and a torque of 187.3 Nm (138.1 lb.ft) at 4000 rpm. These specifications contribute to a dynamic driving experience, allowing the Lafesta to accelerate with confidence and maintain highway speeds effortlessly.The engine's power is transmitted smoothly through the car's CVT transmission, providing seamless gear changes and optimal power delivery. The 4WD drivetrain enhances traction and stability, ensuring control on various road surfaces and conditions. This combination of power and drivetrain features allows the Lafesta to tackle both urban environments and longer journeys with ease.
With a focus on practicality, the Lafesta achieves a fuel consumption of approximately 30.9 mpg US or 37.1 mpg UK in the 10/15 mode, equivalent to around 7.6 L/100km. This efficiency is balanced with its performance capabilities, creating a versatile driving experience that prioritizes both power and economy.
In terms of handling, the Lafesta's suspension system plays a crucial role. The front suspension consists of struts, while the rear suspension employs a trailing arm type. These components work together to provide a comfortable and stable ride, enhancing the overall driving experience.
In summary, the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD offers a well-rounded performance package. Its MR20DE engine, efficient transmission, 4WD drivetrain, and balanced suspension contribute to its capability in various driving scenarios, making it an appealing choice for those seeking a combination of power, efficiency, and comfort.
Fuel Efficiency
The 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD strikes a balance between performance and fuel efficiency, making it a practical choice for various driving scenarios. Equipped with the MR20DE engine, this model achieves commendable fuel consumption figures, contributing to its overall appeal.In the 10/15 mode, the Lafesta achieves an approximate fuel consumption of 30.9 mpg US or 37.1 mpg UK, which translates to around 7.6 L/100km. This level of efficiency is significant given the Lafesta's performance capabilities, demonstrating Nissan's commitment to optimizing fuel usage without compromising power.
The combination of the engine's design, the CVT transmission, and the 4WD drivetrain contributes to the Lafesta's efficient fuel consumption. Whether navigating city streets or embarking on longer journeys, the car's fuel efficiency ensures fewer stops at the pump, allowing drivers to enjoy their time on the road with fewer interruptions.
The Lafesta's economical fuel consumption aligns with its versatile nature, making it suitable for everyday commuting as well as extended trips. This focus on efficiency showcases Nissan's dedication to providing drivers with a well-rounded driving experience that encompasses both performance and fuel savings.
Fuel Tank Capacity
The fuel tank capacity of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD is designed to accommodate the demands of both daily commuting and longer journeys. With a fuel tank capacity of 13.2 US gallons or 10.9 UK gallons (50 liters), the Lafesta provides a sufficient range for drivers to navigate various road conditions without frequent refueling stops.This generous fuel tank capacity aligns with the Lafesta's focus on efficiency and practicality. Combined with its commendable fuel consumption figures, the car's fuel tank capacity ensures that drivers can enjoy extended drives without the need for constant refueling. Whether used for urban errands or family vacations, the Lafesta's fuel tank capacity adds to the overall convenience and versatility of the vehicle.
As a result, the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD strikes a balance between performance, efficiency, and practicality by offering a fuel tank capacity that suits a wide range of driving needs.
Dimensions and Sizes
The 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD boasts well-balanced dimensions that contribute to its presence on the road. Its exterior measurements include a length of 455 cm, a width of 169.5 cm, and a height of 161.5 cm. These proportions give the Lafesta a sleek and compact appearance while providing ample space for passengers and cargo.Inside the cabin, the Lafesta continues to offer practical dimensions, ensuring a comfortable and spacious interior. The interior length measures 269 cm, while the width spans 142 cm. The interior height further enhances the sense of roominess, measuring 123 cm. These interior dimensions translate to a welcoming cabin environment, accommodating up to seven passengers across three rows.
The Lafesta's wheelbase, which measures 270 cm, contributes to stability and handling on the road. Additionally, the car's front axle length of 148.5 cm and rear axle length of 147.5 cm help distribute weight effectively and maintain a balanced ride. The ground clearance, or ride height, is set at 13.5 cm, striking a balance between road visibility and stability.
Overall, the dimensions and sizes of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD are carefully designed to optimize interior space, handling, and road presence. Whether maneuvering through city streets or embarking on longer journeys, the Lafesta's dimensions contribute to its versatility and capability.
Wheel Specifications
The wheel specifications of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD contribute to its dynamic performance and overall aesthetic appeal. The car is equipped with 195/60 R15 tires for both the front and rear, mounted on 15-inch rims. These tire dimensions strike a balance between road grip, handling, and comfort, allowing the Lafesta to tackle a variety of road conditions with confidence.The choice of tire dimensions aligns with the Lafesta's focus on efficiency and performance, ensuring a smooth and stable ride. The 15-inch rims not only contribute to the car's handling characteristics but also enhance its visual presence on the road. Additionally, the option for aluminum disks adds a touch of customization and personalization to the vehicle's exterior design.
The Lafesta's wheel specifications are designed to provide optimal road contact and traction, enhancing the driving experience in both urban and highway settings. Whether navigating city streets or embarking on longer journeys, the combination of tire dimensions and rim size ensures that the Lafesta remains steady, responsive, and visually appealing.
Trim Levels and Features
The 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD is available in a trim level that combines comfort, style, and functionality. This trim level, known for its sophisticated features, caters to drivers who prioritize both performance and convenience.The Highway Star V NAVI edition of the Lafesta offers a range of features that enhance the driving experience. While specific feature details are not provided, this trim is likely to include amenities that contribute to the overall comfort and convenience of both the driver and passengers. These features may encompass a combination of technology, safety, and entertainment options that align with Nissan's commitment to delivering a well-rounded driving experience.
The inclusion of a panoramic roof adds a touch of luxury to the Lafesta, providing passengers with a unique view of their surroundings. This feature enhances the cabin's ambience, making every journey more enjoyable and engaging.
While specific features for the Highway Star V NAVI edition are not detailed, it is reasonable to assume that Nissan has carefully curated a selection of amenities to match the expectations of its customers. Whether through advanced infotainment systems, safety enhancements, or driver assistance technologies, this trim level ensures that the Lafesta delivers a comprehensive and enjoyable driving experience.
In summary, the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD offers a trim level that combines comfort, style, and functionality. While precise feature details are not outlined, the Highway Star V NAVI edition is likely to provide a range of amenities that contribute to the vehicle's overall appeal and usability.
Conclusion
The 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD presents a compelling package that caters to a diverse range of preferences and driving needs. With a combination of power, efficiency, and thoughtful features, this iteration of the Lafesta showcases Nissan's commitment to delivering a versatile and well-rounded vehicle.The Lafesta's MR20DE engine provides a commendable balance of power and fuel efficiency, making it suitable for various driving scenarios. The 4WD drivetrain enhances traction and stability, while the CVT transmission ensures smooth and responsive gear changes. These elements collectively contribute to a dynamic driving experience that accommodates both urban commutes and longer journeys.
The car's dimensions and sizes strike a harmonious balance between road presence and interior comfort. The exterior's sleek proportions are complemented by a well-designed interior that can seat up to seven passengers. Ample legroom, headroom, and cargo space ensure a comfortable environment for all occupants.
Safety features, such as airbags, ABS with EBD, and available curtain airbags, contribute to the Lafesta's focus on passenger well-being. Meanwhile, technology features, though not detailed, are expected to enhance the overall driving experience, making each journey enjoyable and convenient.
In conclusion, the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD is a testament to Nissan's commitment to producing vehicles that combine performance, efficiency, and practicality. With its well-engineered features and capabilities, the Lafesta stands as an attractive option for those seeking a versatile and enjoyable driving experience.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI Edition
What is the production period for the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition panoramic roof spec 4WD?
What type of drivetrain does the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition have?
Can you tell me about the engine specifications of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition?
Does the panoramic roof come as a standard feature for the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition?
What are the exterior dimensions of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition?
How many seats does the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition have?
Is the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition equipped with advanced safety features?
What is the fuel consumption of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition?
Can you tell me about the wheel specifications of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition?
What features can I expect from the Highway Star V NAVI edition of the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0?
How does the 2006-2007 Nissan Lafesta 2.0 Highway Star V NAVI edition balance performance and fuel efficiency?
Brian Wong / AuthorBrian Wong is an accomplished automotive journalist and editor with a passion for cars. With over a decade of experience in the industry, he has established himself as a trusted voice in the automotive community. Brian has written extensively about a wide range of topics in the field, from the latest trends in car design to innovative safety features and emerging technologies. As a senior reviews editor, he is responsible for test driving and analyzing the latest cars on the market, providing readers with accurate and objective reviews. His articles are widely read and respected for their depth of knowledge and analysis. Brian is committed to staying at the forefront of the latest developments in the automotive industry, and is dedicated to sharing his expertise and insights with his readers. |
Nissan Lafesta Problems
Complaint | Description | Name and Location | Photo | |
---|---|---|---|---|
revers camera not working | 2004 Nissan Lafesta | George Mwangi Kenya, Kenya, Thika | ||
When i engage the rever gear the Revers camera does not work, maybe I need to be directed on how to make work |