2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST Specs
OVERVIEW
With a fuel consumption of 42.7 mpg US - 51.3 mpg UK - 5.5 L/100km, a curb weight of 3097 lbs (1405 kg), the Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST has a 4 cylinder DOHC engine, a Regular gasoline engine 1NZ-FE. This engine 1NZ-FE produces a maximum power of 111.5 PS (110 bhp - 82 kW) at 6000 rpm and a maximum torque of 140.2 Nm (103.4 lb.ft - 14.3 kg.m) at 4400 rpm. The engine power is transmitted to the road by the front wheel drive (FF) with a CVT gearbox. For stopping power, the Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST braking system includes drum at the rear and V disk at the front. Stock tire sizes are 185/70 on 14 inch rims at the rear and 185/70 on 14 inch rims at the front. Chassis details - Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST has torsion beam type rear suspension and strut front suspension for road holding and ride confort.
Add to compare listGENERAL INFORMATION | |
---|---|
Period of Production | Feb 2008 - Oct 2008 |
Drive Wheels - Traction - Drivetrain | FF |
Transmission Gearbox - Number of Speeds | CVT |
Engine Size - Displacement - Engine Capacity | 1496 cm3 or 91.2 cu-in |
Frame Name | DBA-NZE141改 |
MITSUOKA GALUE204 1.5 15ST SIZE, DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT | |
Exterior Length | 457 cm or 179.92 inches |
Exterior Width | 169.5 cm or 66.73 inches |
Exterior Height | 146 cm or 57.48 inches |
Exterior Size (L x W x H) | 457x169.5x146 cm or 179.92x66.73x57.48 inches |
Interior Length | 195 cm or 76.77 inches |
Interior Width | 144 cm or 56.69 inches |
Interior Height | 120.5 cm or 47.44 inches |
Interior Size (L x W x H) | 195x144x120.5 cm or 76.77x56.69x47.44 inches |
Wheelbase | 260 cm or 102.36 inches |
Front Axle Length | 148 cm or 58.26 inches |
Rear Axle Length | 146 cm or 57.48 inches |
Ride Height - Ground Clearance | 16 cm or 6.29 inches |
Weight | 1130 kg or 2491 lbs |
Num. of Seats | 5 |
Num. of Doors | 4 |
Minimum Turning Circle - Turning Diameter, m | 4.9 |
Fuel Tank Capacity | 13.2 US gallons 10.9 UK gallons 50 L |
Curb Weight | 1405 kg or 3097 lbs |
Seat Rows | 2 |
Front/Rear Axis Length | 148/146 cm or 58.26/57.48 inches |
MITSUOKA GALUE204 1.5 15ST ENGINE TECHNICAL DATA | |
Engine Code | 1NZ-FE |
Maximum Power - Output - Horsepower | 111.5 PS or 110 bhp or 82 kW |
Maximum Power RPM | 6000 rpm |
Maximum Power Output | 111.5 PS or 110 bhp or 81 kW @ 6000 rpm |
Maximum Torque | 140.2 Nm or 103.4 lb.ft or 14.3 kg.m |
Maximum Torque RPM | 4400 rpm |
Maximum Torque Output | 140 Nm or 103.4 lb.ft or 14.3 kg.m @ 4400 rpm |
Engine Type - Number of Cylinders | 4 cylinder DOHC |
Fuel Type | Regular gasoline |
Fuel Consumption (10/15 mode) | 42.7 mpg US 51.3 mpg UK 5.5 L/100km |
Variable Cylinder Management - VCM | |
Ecological Type | 2005 emission regulation 85% reduction |
MITSUOKA GALUE204 1.5 15ST SUSPENSION | |
Front Brakes - Disc Dimensions | V disk |
Rear Brakes - DisΡ Dimensions | drum |
Front Suspension | strut |
Rear Suspension | torsion beam type |
Front Tyres - Rims Dimensions | 185/70 R14 |
Rear Tyres - Rims Dimensions | 185/70 R14 |
Aluminium Disk | |
4WS - Four-Wheel Steering | |
Variable Gear Ratio Steering - VGS/VGRS | |
Sport-Tuned Suspension | |
Low Down Suspension | |
MITSUOKA GALUE204 1.5 15ST EXTERIOR | |
Sunroof | |
Front Spoiler | |
Rear Spoiler | |
Xenon Lamps | |
Front Fog Lamps | |
Rear Fog Lamps | |
Ultraviolet Glass Protection | |
Roof Rail | |
Big Sunroof | |
T Bar Roof | |
Roof Equipment | |
Targa Roof | |
Hard Top | |
Soft Top | - |
Canvas Top | - |
Metal Top | - |
Magnesium Wheels | |
Side Sliding Door | |
Sliding Doors | |
Sliding Electric Door | |
Sliding Electric Doors | |
Door Easy Closer | |
Power Rear Door | |
Head Lights Washer | |
Privacy Glass | |
Winter Complectation | |
MITSUOKA GALUE204 1.5 15ST INTERIOR | |
Power Window | |
Power Steering | |
Keyless Enter | |
Cruise Control | |
Leather Seat | |
Power Adjustable Seats | |
Front Seat Heater | |
Power Ajustable Front Seat | |
Removable Seats | |
Shifter Position | floor |
Steering Locaton | right |
Steereing Gear Type | rack & pinion type with power assist |
Ottoman Seat | |
Front Bench Seat | |
Full Flat Seats | - |
Seat Position Memory | |
Seat Lifter | |
Adjustable 3rd Row | |
Walk Throught | - |
2nd Row Throught | - |
2nd Row | - |
3nd Row | - |
Lagage Box | |
Engine Start Button | |
Etc | |
Bucket Seat | |
MITSUOKA GALUE204 1.5 15ST SAFETY | |
Drivers Airbag | |
Passengers Airbag | |
Side Airbag | |
ABS | ABS with EBD ( standard ) |
Break Assist | |
Parking Radar | |
Curtain Airbags | |
2 Airbags | |
Front Monitor | |
Sides Monitors | |
Back Monitor | |
Active Headrest | |
Start Stop System | |
Run Flat Tires | |
Air Suspension | |
Brakes Equipment | - |
Collision Mitigation System | |
Night Vision | |
Lane Keep Assist | |
Distance Control System | |
Sonar | |
Cenral Diff Lock | |
ESC | |
Traction Control | |
Down Hill Assist | |
AYC | |
SH-4WD | |
Isofix Bar | |
Build-in Child Seat | |
Autocorrected Mirrors | |
Rain Sensor | |
Intelligent AFS | |
Alarm System | |
Security Alarm | |
Road Service | - |
AMENITY | |
Air Conditioner | manualair conditioning(standard) |
Air Purifier | |
Radio | |
Autoreverse Casette | |
CD Player | |
MD Palyer | |
Navigation System | DVD navigation (option) |
Mesomorphic Monitor | analog TV tuner (option) |
Traffic Jam Assist | G-BOOK ALPHA (option) |
Audio HDD | |
DVD-audio | |
Additional Sound Equipment | - |
Rear Entertainment System | |
Speaker | |
AC Plug | |
Stearing Wheel Heater | |
Rear Seats Heater | |
Humidifier | |
Air Filter | |
Antibacterial Filter | |
Πdor Absorber | |
Dehumidifier | |
Intelligent Parking Assist | |
Optional Navigation System | |
OTHER | |
LSD |
- Present
- Option
- Not Present (or Dealer Option)
By Brian Wong, Reviewed by: Kurt Niebuhr, Updated on April 19, 2024
π Engine Specifications and Performance
π Fuel Efficiency and Consumption
π Dimensions and Size
π Wheel Configuration and Details
π Trim Levels and Model Variants
π Generational Changes Over the Years
π Interior and Comfort Features
π Exterior Styling and Design Elements
π Fuel Tank Capacity and Range
π Fuel Average and MPG (Miles per Gallon)
π Notable Features and Innovations
π Market Reception and Popularity
π Maintenance and Reliability
π Conclusion: Unique Blend of Style and Efficiency
π Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST
Introduction to the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST stands as a distinctive blend of style and functionality. Produced from February to October 2008, it comes with front-wheel drive (FF) and a CVT transmission gearbox. Its heart beats to the rhythm of a 1496 cm3 engine (engine code: 1NZ-FE), delivering up to 110 bhp of power at 6000 rpm.A graceful silhouette encapsulates its dimensions. The exterior measures 457 cm in length, 169.5 cm in width, and 146 cm in height. Inside, passengers revel in a roomy interior with dimensions of 195 cm in length, 144 cm in width, and 120.5 cm in height. The vehicle's wheelbase extends to 260 cm, while the ground clearance rests at 16 cm.
Weighing in at 1130 kg, the 15ST seats five passengers across four doors. The turning diameter stands at 4.9 meters, facilitating nimble maneuvering. The fuel tank holds 50 liters, promising a noteworthy range. When it comes to power, the 15ST's 111.5 PS engine output teams up with a 140.2 Nm torque at 4400 rpm.
Safety features include standard driver and passenger airbags, as well as ABS with EBD. The 15ST rolls on 185/70 R14 tires with front disc brakes and rear drum brakes. Comfort takes center stage with features like power windows, keyless entry, and a rack & pinion steering system. Notable options encompass navigation systems, air purifiers, and parking radars.
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST presents itself as a remarkable fusion of elegance and practicality, catering to a unique segment of automotive enthusiasts.
Engine Specifications and Performance
The heart of the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST beats with a sense of controlled power and efficiency. Its engine, carrying the code 1NZ-FE, is a 4-cylinder DOHC powerhouse that displaces 1496 cm3. This results in a punchy output of 110 bhp at 6000 rpm, complemented by a torque of 140 Nm at 4400 rpm.Coupled with a CVT transmission gearbox, the 15ST offers smooth shifts and a seamless driving experience. It's designed for fuel economy, boasting a fuel consumption of 42.7 mpg in the 10/15 mode, making it an economical choice for both city commutes and longer journeys.
The 15ST is equipped with regular gasoline fuel type, adhering to 2005 emission regulations with an 85% reduction in emissions. This speaks to Mitsuoka's commitment to environmentally conscious engineering, aligning with modern standards.
The drivetrain, a front-wheel drive (FF) system, offers traction that ensures stability on various road conditions. The combination of the 1NZ-FE engine, CVT transmission, and FF drivetrain results in a balanced and efficient driving experience, making the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST a contender in its segment.
Fuel Efficiency and Consumption
Efficiency takes the driver's seat in the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST, where each drop of fuel counts. With a deliberate approach to fuel consumption, this model stands as a testament to Mitsuoka's dedication to economy without sacrificing performance.Powered by the 1NZ-FE engine and paired with a CVT transmission, the 15ST achieves a harmonious balance between power delivery and fuel efficiency. In the 10/15 mode, it clocks in at an impressive 42.7 mpg in the US, translating to 51.3 mpg in the UK or 5.5 L/100km.
This meticulous attention to fuel consumption is further supported by the 15ST's engine design, optimized for a cleaner burn and lower emissions. This aligns with the ecological standards set by the 2005 emission regulation, reducing emissions by 85%.
Whether navigating urban streets or embarking on longer journeys, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST promises a budget-friendly and environmentally conscious driving experience, proving that efficiency is an integral part of its identity.
Dimensions and Size
In the realm of dimensions, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST boasts a design that merges aesthetics and practicality seamlessly. Its exterior lines stretch elegantly over a length of 457 cm, while its width spans 169.5 cm. The vehicle's height stands at 146 cm, lending it a balanced profile that exudes confidence.Stepping inside, the 15ST welcomes passengers into an interior crafted with comfort in mind. With an interior length of 195 cm, occupants have ample room to settle in. The interior width, measuring 144 cm, ensures a comfortable side-by-side experience for passengers. Furthermore, the interior height of 120.5 cm provides a sense of openness.
The overall dimensions of 457x169.5x146 cm for the exterior and 195x144x120.5 cm for the interior create a harmonious environment that caters to both drivers and passengers. These dimensions are thoughtfully combined with a wheelbase of 260 cm, allowing for stability on the road while providing a spacious cabin.
The 15ST's compact ride height of 16 cm ensures a controlled center of gravity, contributing to its balanced handling. With a weight of 1130 kg and accommodating five seats across four doors, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST strikes an equilibrium between size and functionality that's designed to enhance the driving experience.
Wheel Configuration and Details
The wheel configuration of the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST is an intricate dance between design and performance. Riding on a set of wheels that measure 185/70 R14, this configuration is thoughtfully chosen to strike a balance between comfort and road-holding capability.The wheels, paired with the front disc brakes and rear drum brakes, contribute to the 15ST's assured stopping power and handling. While the configuration doesn't feature magnesium wheels or variable gear ratio steering, it's tailored to offer a stable and controlled ride, catering to both city cruising and longer journeys.
The 15ST doesn't sport sport-tuned or low down suspension, but it's engineered with a focus on delivering a comfortable and responsive driving experience. As a result, the wheel configuration and details, while not chasing extremes, blend together to contribute to the vehicle's overall harmony and performance on the road.
Trim Levels and Model Variants
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST offers a distinct model variant that encapsulates a blend of sophistication and functionality. This model, with its unique combination of features, caters to a specific segment of drivers seeking a balance between style and practicality.While the trim levels and model variants might not offer an extensive array of options or variations, the 15ST is designed with a clear focus on delivering a singular driving experience. Its thoughtful engineering and design choices ensure that the vehicle exudes a sense of refinement and purpose.
Although specific trim levels might not be present, the 15ST's standout features include its fuel-efficient powertrain, comfortable interior dimensions, and a harmonious exterior profile. Mitsuoka's attention to detail and commitment to providing a unique driving experience shine through in this particular model, making the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST a choice that resonates with individuals seeking a distinctive blend of aesthetics and practicality.
Generational Changes Over the Years
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST remains a testament to Mitsuoka's design philosophy throughout its generational evolution. While specific generational changes over the years might not be significant, the 15ST's essence continues to embody a harmonious blend of style and practicality.From its introduction in 2008, the 15ST showcases Mitsuoka's commitment to crafting vehicles that cater to a niche segment of drivers who appreciate a unique approach to design. While the model might not have undergone radical generational shifts, its enduring qualities lie in its carefully considered dimensions, efficient powertrain, and functional features.
With each year that passed, the 15ST carried forward its inherent DNA, staying true to the vision that first brought it to life. While generational changes might not be prominent, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST stands as a testament to the idea that consistency and refinement can often be just as impactful as sweeping transformations.
Interior and Comfort Features
Stepping inside the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST reveals a thoughtfully crafted interior that places comfort at the forefront. While some variants might not include features like leather seats or a power-adjustable front seat, the 15ST excels in providing a welcoming and functional cabin.The power windows and power steering, both standard, enhance the convenience factor, ensuring ease of use for the driver. The keyless entry system is another practical touch, streamlining the entry and exit process. While cruise control might be absent, the focus on a comfortable and controlled driving experience remains evident.
The interior dimensions of 195 cm in length, 144 cm in width, and 120.5 cm in height offer a roomy environment for passengers. The steering wheel, positioned on the right, maintains the classic setup. With a shifter located on the floor and the rack & pinion type steering system, the 15ST promises a direct and responsive driving experience.
The availability of amenities like adjustable seats, seat lifters, and an intuitive layout contribute to the overall comfort of the cabin. While some luxury features might not be present, the interior of the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST focuses on delivering an inviting and functional space for both driver and passengers alike.
Exterior Styling and Design Elements
The exterior styling of the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST reflects a blend of timeless design cues and contemporary elements. While the model might not incorporate features like xenon lamps or a front spoiler, its overall aesthetic captivates with a sense of understated elegance.The clean lines of the vehicle's 457 cm length and 169.5 cm width result in a well-proportioned silhouette. The harmonious height of 146 cm further contributes to its balanced profile. Though it might not feature a sunroof or a targa roof, the standard ultraviolet glass protection adds a touch of practicality.
The exterior dimensions of 457x169.5x146 cm encompass a size that's both manageable and spacious. The absence of a big sunroof or roof rail doesn't diminish the vehicle's visual appeal. The winter complectation, available as an option, speaks to the 15ST's adaptability to different driving conditions.
The lack of extravagant elements is balanced by the 15ST's commitment to a coherent and refined design. Mitsuoka's meticulous attention to detail ensures that each aspect of the exterior contributes to the overall visual harmony. In its own right, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST exudes an allure that's bound to captivate enthusiasts who appreciate a graceful and purposeful aesthetic.
Fuel Tank Capacity and Range
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST stands as a testament to efficiency, underscored by its fuel tank capacity and range. With a fuel tank capacity of 50 liters, the 15ST ensures an extended journey before a refueling stop is necessary. This capacity translates to approximately 13.2 US gallons or 10.9 UK gallons, reinforcing its practicality for both city commutes and longer drives.The calculated fuel consumption of approximately 5.5 L/100km, coupled with the fuel tank's capacity, extends the 15ST's range even further. This focus on fuel efficiency aligns with Mitsuoka's dedication to providing an economical and environmentally conscious driving experience.
Whether navigating city streets or embarking on highway adventures, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST's fuel tank capacity and efficiency contribute to its allure as a vehicle that combines style with practicality, offering a noteworthy range that complements its design and performance.
Fuel Average and MPG (Miles per Gallon)
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST presents a commendable fuel efficiency that aligns with modern standards. Operating on a combination of practical engineering and economical performance, the 15ST achieves a remarkable fuel average that's bound to resonate with discerning drivers.With an approximate fuel consumption of 5.5 L/100km, this vehicle promises efficient use of every drop of fuel. This translates to approximately 42.7 mpg in the US and 51.3 mpg in the UK. The 15ST's ability to cover significant distances with minimal fuel consumption makes it a smart choice for drivers who prioritize economy without compromising on style.
This fuel efficiency, alongside the 15ST's impressive fuel tank capacity, contributes to its ability to traverse various terrains with ease. Mitsuoka's focus on providing a well-rounded driving experience shines through in the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST's fuel efficiency, making it a standout choice for those seeking a harmonious balance between performance and economy.
Notable Features and Innovations
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST encapsulates a range of features and innovations that collectively enhance the driving experience. While the model might not incorporate elements like xenon lamps or a start-stop system, it's designed to deliver a balance of style and functionality.Mitsuoka's meticulous attention to detail is evident in the ultraviolet glass protection, ensuring a comfortable interior while also protecting occupants from harmful UV rays. The availability of a back monitor adds a layer of convenience, aiding in parking and enhancing overall safety.
The 15ST's focus on delivering a seamless driving experience is reflected in its variable cylinder management (VCM)-free design, aligning with Mitsuoka's commitment to efficiency. With a shifter positioned on the floor and power windows as standard, the 15ST blends a classic approach with modern practicality.
While the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST might not boast an extensive array of cutting-edge features, its emphasis on thoughtful design, safety, and efficiency come together to create a vehicle that's both functional and distinctive in its segment.
Market Reception and Popularity
Upon its introduction, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST garnered attention for its distinctive design and practicality. While its market reception and popularity might not have been as widespread as more mainstream models, it carved a niche for itself among a select group of drivers who appreciated its unique blend of aesthetics and features.The 15ST's appeal lies in its elegant exterior styling and thoughtfully crafted interior dimensions. While it might not have achieved mass popularity, its individuality resonated with those seeking a vehicle that stands out from the crowd.
Mitsuoka's reputation for creating vehicles with a strong emphasis on design and style further added to the 15ST's allure. Its availability in the market provided an option for individuals who wanted a vehicle that expressed their distinct preferences.
While the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST might not have reached the pinnacle of mainstream popularity, its presence in the automotive landscape showcased Mitsuoka's dedication to producing vehicles that cater to specific tastes, contributing to the diversity of options available to discerning drivers.
Maintenance and Reliability
The 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST presents a combination of design and engineering that's intended to deliver a reliable and low-maintenance ownership experience. While specific reliability data might not be available, Mitsuoka's reputation for producing well-crafted vehicles lends itself to the assumption that the 15ST was built with a focus on longevity.Regular maintenance, as with any vehicle, remains a crucial aspect of ensuring the 15ST's continued performance. Regular oil changes, tire rotations, and scheduled check-ups are essential to keep the vehicle operating smoothly. While the model might not include innovative maintenance features, its straightforward design contributes to ease of access for routine servicing.
Mitsuoka's commitment to quality materials and manufacturing processes further bolsters the 15ST's potential for reliability. It's recommended for owners to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for maintenance and adhere to recommended service intervals to ensure the vehicle's longevity and optimal performance.
While specific reliability data might be scarce, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST's design philosophy and Mitsuoka's reputation suggest that it's built to offer a reliable and low-maintenance ownership experience, provided that regular maintenance and care are observed.
Conclusion: Unique Blend of Style and Efficiency
In the realm of automotive offerings, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST emerges as a distinct contender, capturing attention with its unique blend of style and efficiency. While it might not boast the extensive array of features found in more modern models, its identity rests on a meticulous approach to design, functionality, and fuel economy.The harmonious exterior dimensions and carefully considered interior dimensions of the 15ST offer a comfortable and inviting cabin for both driver and passengers. The 1NZ-FE engine, paired with a CVT transmission, ensures a driving experience that balances power and fuel efficiency, making it a reliable companion for various road conditions.
Mitsuoka's commitment to delivering a unique driving experience is evident in the 15ST's design, which balances classic and contemporary elements. While its popularity might not have reached the heights of mainstream models, its individuality speaks to a niche group of drivers who value a distinctive approach to automotive design.
In conclusion, the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST represents a convergence of timeless aesthetics and practical engineering. Its identity is defined by a unique blend of style and efficiency, offering a choice that stands apart from the crowd while delivering a dependable and engaging driving experience.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST
What is the production period for the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST?
What type of engine does the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST have?
What are the exterior dimensions of the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST?
How many seats does the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST have?
What is the fuel tank capacity of the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST?
What is the engine's maximum power output?
Does the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST come with a sunroof?
What is the fuel efficiency of the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST?
Is the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST available with a navigation system?
How does the 2008 Mitsuoka Galue204 1.5 15ST stand out in terms of style and efficiency?
Brian Wong / AuthorBrian Wong is an accomplished automotive journalist and editor with a passion for cars. With over a decade of experience in the industry, he has established himself as a trusted voice in the automotive community. Brian has written extensively about a wide range of topics in the field, from the latest trends in car design to innovative safety features and emerging technologies. As a senior reviews editor, he is responsible for test driving and analyzing the latest cars on the market, providing readers with accurate and objective reviews. His articles are widely read and respected for their depth of knowledge and analysis. Brian is committed to staying at the forefront of the latest developments in the automotive industry, and is dedicated to sharing his expertise and insights with his readers. |