2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD Specs
OVERVIEW
With a fuel consumption of 39.2 mpg US - 47 mpg UK - 6.0 L/100km, a weight of 1962 lbs (890 kg), the Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD has a 4 cylinder SOHC engine, a Regular gasoline engine EN07. This engine EN07 produces a maximum power of 48.6 PS (48 bhp - 35.7 kW) at 6400 rpm and a maximum torque of 57.8 Nm (42.6 lb.ft - 5.9 kg.m) at 4000 rpm. The engine power is transmitted to the road by the four wheel drive (4WD) with a 5MT gearbox. For stopping power, the Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD braking system includes drum at the rear and V disk at the front. Stock tire sizes are 145 on 12 inch rims -6PRLT at the rear and 145 on 12 inch rims -6PRLT at the front. Chassis details - Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD has semitrailing arm type rear suspension and strut front suspension for road holding and ride confort.
Add to compare listGENERAL INFORMATION | |
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Period of Production | Feb 2002 - Aug 2002 |
Drive Wheels - Traction - Drivetrain | 4WD |
Transmission Gearbox - Number of Speeds | 5MT |
Engine Size - Displacement - Engine Capacity | 658 cm3 or 40.1 cu-in |
Frame Name | LE-TV2 |
SUBARU SAMBAR TRUCK 660 PANEL VAN VB HIGH ROOF 4WD SIZE, DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT | |
Exterior Length | 339.5 cm or 133.66 inches |
Exterior Width | 147.5 cm or 58.07 inches |
Exterior Height | 190.5 cm or 75 inches |
Exterior Size (L x W x H) | 339.5x147.5x190.5 cm or 133.66x58.07x75 inches |
Interior Size (L x W x H), mm | -x-x-(mm) |
Wheelbase | 188.5 cm or 74.21 inches |
Front Axle Length | 128 cm or 50.39 inches |
Rear Axle Length | 128 cm or 50.39 inches |
Ride Height - Ground Clearance | 18 cm or 7.08 inches |
Weight | 890 kg or 1962 lbs |
Num. of Seats | 2 |
Num. of Doors | 2 |
Minimum Turning Circle - Turning Diameter, m | 3.9 |
Fuel Tank Capacity | 10.5 US gallons 8.7 UK gallons 40 L |
Max Capacity | 350 |
Seat Rows | 1 |
Front/Rear Axis Length | 128/128 cm or 50.39/50.39 inches |
SUBARU SAMBAR TRUCK 660 PANEL VAN VB HIGH ROOF 4WD ENGINE TECHNICAL DATA | |
Engine Code | EN07 |
Maximum Power - Output - Horsepower | 48.6 PS or 48 bhp or 35.7 kW |
Maximum Power RPM | 6400 rpm |
Maximum Power Output | 48.6 PS or 48 bhp or 35 kW @ 6400 rpm |
Maximum Torque | 57.8 Nm or 42.6 lb.ft or 5.9 kg.m |
Maximum Torque RPM | 4000 rpm |
Maximum Torque Output | 58 Nm or 42.6 lb.ft or 5.9 kg.m @ 4000 rpm |
Engine Type - Number of Cylinders | 4 cylinder SOHC |
Fuel Type | Regular gasoline |
Fuel Consumption (10/15 mode) | 39.2 mpg US 47 mpg UK 6.0 L/100km |
Variable Cylinder Management - VCM | |
SUBARU SAMBAR TRUCK 660 PANEL VAN VB HIGH ROOF 4WD SUSPENSION | |
Front Brakes - Disc Dimensions | V disk |
Rear Brakes - DisΡ Dimensions | drum |
Front Suspension | strut |
Rear Suspension | semitrailing arm type |
Front Tyres - Rims Dimensions | 145 R12-6PRLT |
Rear Tyres - Rims Dimensions | 145 R12-6PRLT |
Aluminium Disk | |
4WS - Four-Wheel Steering | |
Variable Gear Ratio Steering - VGS/VGRS | |
Sport-Tuned Suspension | |
Low Down Suspension | |
SUBARU SAMBAR TRUCK 660 PANEL VAN VB HIGH ROOF 4WD EXTERIOR | |
Sunroof | |
Front Spoiler | |
Rear Spoiler | |
Xenon Lamps | |
Front Fog Lamps | |
Rear Fog Lamps | |
Ultraviolet Glass Protection | |
Roof Rail | |
Big Sunroof | |
T Bar Roof | |
Roof Equipment | |
Targa Roof | |
Hard Top | |
Soft Top | - |
Canvas Top | - |
Metal Top | - |
Magnesium Wheels | |
Side Sliding Door | |
Sliding Doors | |
Sliding Electric Door | |
Sliding Electric Doors | |
Door Easy Closer | |
Power Rear Door | |
Head Lights Washer | |
Privacy Glass | |
Winter Complectation | |
SUBARU SAMBAR TRUCK 660 PANEL VAN VB HIGH ROOF 4WD INTERIOR | |
Power Window | |
Power Steering | |
Keyless Enter | |
Cruise Control | |
Leather Seat | |
Power Adjustable Seats | |
Front Seat Heater | |
Power Ajustable Front Seat | |
Removable Seats | |
Shifter Position | floor |
Steering Locaton | right |
Steereing Gear Type | rack & pinion type |
Ottoman Seat | |
Front Bench Seat | |
Full Flat Seats | - |
Seat Position Memory | |
Seat Lifter | |
Adjustable 3rd Row | |
Walk Throught | - |
2nd Row Throught | - |
2nd Row | - |
3nd Row | - |
Lagage Box | |
Engine Start Button | |
Etc | |
Bucket Seat | |
SUBARU SAMBAR TRUCK 660 PANEL VAN VB HIGH ROOF 4WD SAFETY | |
Drivers Airbag | |
Passengers Airbag | |
Side Airbag | |
ABS | - |
Break Assist | |
Parking Radar | |
Curtain Airbags | |
2 Airbags | |
Front Monitor | |
Sides Monitors | |
Back Monitor | |
Active Headrest | |
Start Stop System | |
Run Flat Tires | |
Air Suspension | |
Brakes Equipment | - |
Collision Mitigation System | |
Night Vision | |
Lane Keep Assist | |
Distance Control System | |
Sonar | |
Cenral Diff Lock | |
ESC | |
Traction Control | |
Down Hill Assist | |
AYC | |
SH-4WD | |
Isofix Bar | |
Build-in Child Seat | |
Autocorrected Mirrors | |
Rain Sensor | |
Intelligent AFS | |
Alarm System | |
Security Alarm | |
Road Service | - |
AMENITY | |
Air Conditioner | - |
Air Purifier | |
Radio | |
Autoreverse Casette | |
CD Player | |
MD Palyer | |
Navigation System | - |
Mesomorphic Monitor | - |
Traffic Jam Assist | - |
Audio HDD | |
DVD-audio | |
Additional Sound Equipment | - |
Rear Entertainment System | |
Speaker | |
AC Plug | |
Stearing Wheel Heater | |
Rear Seats Heater | |
Humidifier | |
Air Filter | |
Antibacterial Filter | |
Πdor Absorber | |
Dehumidifier | |
Intelligent Parking Assist | |
Optional Navigation System | |
OTHER | |
LSD |
- Present
- Option
- Not Present (or Dealer Option)
By Brian Wong, Reviewed by: Kurt Niebuhr, Updated on April 19, 2024
π Engine Specifications and Performance
π Fuel Tank Capacity and Range
π Fuel Consumption and Average MPG
π Dimensions and Sizes of the Panel Van
π 4WD System and Off-Road Capabilities
π Trim Levels and Available Options
π Interior Features and Cargo Space
π Wheel Options and Tire Sizes
π Conclusion: Evaluating the Sambar Truck's Specs
π Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD
Introduction to the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is a compact and versatile utility vehicle that was produced between February 2002 and August 2002. As part of the Sambar Truck lineup, this model offers a reliable 4WD drivetrain, providing excellent traction and stability on various road conditions.Under the hood, the Sambar Truck 660 is powered by a capable 658 cm3 engine, delivering 48.6 PS or 48 bhp at 6400 rpm and a maximum torque of 57.8 Nm at 4000 rpm. With a 5-speed manual transmission gearbox, driving enthusiasts can enjoy precise gear shifts and control over the vehicle's performance.
Measuring at 339.5 cm in length, 147.5 cm in width, and 190.5 cm in height, the Sambar Truck 660 boasts a compact exterior size, making it ideal for navigating through tight city streets or parking in limited spaces. The wheelbase of 188.5 cm ensures stability and a smooth ride, while the minimum turning circle of 3.9 meters enables easy maneuverability.
With a weight of 890 kg, the Sambar Truck 660 can carry up to two occupants comfortably. The interior provides sufficient space for driver and passenger, while the two doors allow easy access to the cabin.
Equipped with a 10.5 US gallon fuel tank (40 L), the Sambar Truck 660 offers decent fuel capacity, ensuring longer journeys without frequent refueling stops. Its fuel efficiency is commendable, with a fuel consumption rate of 39.2 mpg in the US or 6.0 L/100km.
The Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD features a suspension system comprising front struts and a rear semitrailing arm type, providing a balance between comfort and handling. The front brakes are V disk, while the rear brakes are drum.
Regarding additional features, the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD prioritizes practicality and simplicity. It does not come with advanced safety features like airbags or driving aids, making it suitable for light-duty tasks and local commuting.
In conclusion, the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is a capable and compact utility vehicle, designed for efficiency and practicality. Its 4WD drivetrain, economical fuel consumption, and compact size make it an excellent choice for various everyday tasks and driving conditions.
Engine Specifications and Performance
The heart of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD lies in its efficient and capable engine, providing commendable performance for a vehicle of its class.Powering this compact utility vehicle is a 658 cm3 engine, denoted by the engine code EN07. This 4-cylinder SOHC (Single Overhead Cam) engine delivers a maximum power output of 48.6 PS or 48 bhp at 6400 rpm, with a peak torque of 57.8 Nm at 4000 rpm. The engine's power and torque characteristics make it suitable for city driving and light hauling tasks.
The engine is mated to a 5-speed manual transmission gearbox, offering smooth and precise gear changes, contributing to a pleasant driving experience. Its drivetrain is equipped with a 4WD system, ensuring enhanced traction and stability, making it suitable for various terrains and weather conditions.
With its lightweight and compact size, the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD achieves a fine balance between performance and fuel efficiency. It is designed to provide practical and economical transportation for both urban and rural settings.
The Sambar Truck 660's engine delivers adequate power for its intended purpose as a versatile workhorse, and its 4WD capability adds versatility, allowing it to venture off the beaten path when necessary. For those seeking a reliable and efficient vehicle for their daily driving needs, the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD offers a compelling package with its performance and utility.
Fuel Tank Capacity and Range
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD comes equipped with a practical and efficient fuel tank, providing a decent fuel capacity for its compact size.The fuel tank of the Sambar Truck 660 has a capacity of 10.5 US gallons (40 liters). This fuel capacity ensures that drivers can cover considerable distances without the need for frequent refueling stops, making it suitable for both short commutes and longer journeys.
With its economical fuel consumption rate of 39.2 mpg in the US or 6.0 L/100km, the Sambar Truck 660 offers a reasonable driving range, allowing owners to maximize their travel time between refills.
The combination of the fuel tank's capacity and the vehicle's fuel efficiency makes the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD an economical choice for everyday use. Whether for local errands or light hauling duties, this utility vehicle provides practicality and convenience without compromising on fuel efficiency.
Fuel Consumption and Average MPG
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is designed to be fuel-efficient, making it an ideal choice for drivers seeking economical transportation.This compact utility vehicle achieves a fuel consumption rate of 39.2 mpg in the US or 6.0 L/100km, ensuring that owners can cover long distances with minimal fuel usage. The economical fuel consumption allows for cost savings on fuel expenses, making it a budget-friendly option for daily commuting and light-duty hauling.
With its 10.5 US gallon (40 liters) fuel tank capacity, the Sambar Truck 660 offers a respectable driving range, reducing the need for frequent stops at the gas station.
The average MPG of 39.2 is impressive for a utility vehicle in this class, highlighting Subaru's commitment to providing practical and fuel-efficient solutions for everyday transportation needs. Whether for urban commuting or rural driving, the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD offers a balance between performance and fuel economy, making it a reliable companion for a wide range of driving scenarios.
Dimensions and Sizes of the Panel Van
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD boasts compact dimensions, making it a nimble and practical choice for various urban and suburban settings.Measuring approximately 339.5 cm (133.66 inches) in length, 147.5 cm (58.07 inches) in width, and 190.5 cm (75 inches) in height, this panel van offers a manageable size for navigating through tight city streets and crowded parking lots. Its exterior dimensions strike a balance between cargo capacity and maneuverability, making it suitable for small businesses and delivery services.
The wheelbase of the Sambar Truck 660 measures around 188.5 cm (74.21 inches), contributing to stability and smooth handling during driving. Additionally, the minimum turning circle of 3.9 meters ensures ease of maneuvering and U-turns in confined spaces.
With a ride height of 18 cm (7.08 inches), the Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD maintains a comfortable ground clearance, capable of tackling various road conditions without compromising passenger comfort.
Inside the cabin, the panel van offers ample space for two occupants, making it an efficient vehicle for transporting goods and conducting business on the go. The interior size provides sufficient room for driver and passenger, while the two doors allow easy access to the cabin and cargo area.
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is designed to be a practical and versatile vehicle, offering a compact size that doesn't sacrifice functionality. Whether used for commercial purposes or personal transportation, its dimensions make it a suitable option for various needs and preferences.
4WD System and Off-Road Capabilities
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is equipped with a reliable 4WD system, enhancing its traction and off-road capabilities.The 4WD (Four-Wheel Drive) system provides power to all four wheels simultaneously, distributing torque to each wheel as needed, thereby improving the vehicle's grip and stability on various road surfaces. This feature is particularly advantageous in challenging driving conditions, such as slippery or uneven terrain, as it helps maintain traction and control.
With the 4WD system, the Sambar Truck 660 gains enhanced off-road capabilities, making it suitable for venturing into rugged landscapes or unpaved roads. It allows the vehicle to tackle mild off-road trails and handle adverse weather conditions more confidently, ensuring a smoother driving experience for the occupants.
While the 4WD system enhances the vehicle's performance in challenging terrains, it also contributes to its overall handling and stability during everyday city driving. The system ensures a balanced distribution of power, promoting improved cornering and grip, even on wet or slippery roads.
Subaru's commitment to engineering reliable 4WD systems is well-known, and the 2002 Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is a testament to the brand's dedication to providing vehicles that can confidently handle a range of driving conditions.
Whether used for commercial purposes, off-road adventures, or daily commuting, the 4WD system on the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD adds versatility and peace of mind, making it a practical and capable option for drivers seeking enhanced traction and off-road capabilities in a compact utility vehicle.
Trim Levels and Available Options
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD was offered with various trim levels and available options, allowing customers to choose a configuration that best suited their needs and preferences.The trim levels provided different sets of features and equipment, catering to different customer demands. While specific details of the available trim levels may vary, they typically included variations in interior and exterior features, comfort amenities, and additional functionalities.
Buyers had the flexibility to opt for a trim level that aligned with their budget and requirements. Whether seeking a basic and practical configuration for commercial purposes or a more equipped version for personal use, the Sambar Truck 660 offered options to suit a wide range of customers.
In addition to the different trim levels, the vehicle might have been equipped with various optional packages and individual add-ons. These options allowed buyers to customize their Sambar Truck 660 according to their specific needs and preferences. Potential add-ons might have included features like additional safety systems, upgraded infotainment options, or convenience features.
As with any vehicle model, the availability of trim levels and options might have varied based on the market or region in which the vehicle was sold. Therefore, potential buyers were encouraged to consult with local Subaru dealerships to learn more about the specific trim levels and available options for the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD in their area.
Ultimately, the range of trim levels and available options for the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD allowed buyers to tailor the vehicle to their specific needs, providing a versatile and customizable solution for various transportation requirements.
Interior Features and Cargo Space
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD offers a practical and functional interior, designed to accommodate both occupants and cargo with ease.Inside the cabin, the Sambar Truck 660 provides a comfortable and straightforward layout, prioritizing functionality over extravagance. While specific interior features might vary based on the trim level and available options, the vehicle typically offered standard amenities to ensure a pleasant driving experience.
The interior space is optimized to provide ample room for the driver and passenger, allowing for a comfortable ride even on longer journeys. The front seats are designed with ergonomics in mind, offering support and ease of adjustment to suit individual preferences.
In terms of cargo space, the panel van configuration of the Sambar Truck 660 is well-suited for transporting goods and cargo efficiently. The rear cargo area is spacious, providing sufficient room to load and transport items for business or personal use. The practical sliding side door allows for easy access to the cargo area, simplifying the loading and unloading process.
The simple and functional dashboard layout ensures that essential controls and features are easily accessible to the driver, promoting a user-friendly driving experience. While the interior design may lean towards utilitarian, it serves its purpose well, providing a conducive environment for various driving needs.
As a compact utility vehicle, the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD strikes a balance between interior comfort and cargo capacity. This makes it a suitable option for small business owners, delivery services, and individuals seeking a versatile vehicle for both transporting passengers and carrying goods.
Overall, the interior features and cargo space of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD make it a practical and reliable choice for those looking for a functional utility vehicle that caters to a variety of transportation needs.
Wheel Options and Tire Sizes
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is equipped with suitable wheel options and tire sizes to ensure optimal performance and handling.The wheel options provided for the Sambar Truck 660 might have varied based on the trim level and market. Subaru typically offers a selection of wheel designs and materials to cater to different customer preferences. These wheels are designed to be sturdy and durable, capable of withstanding various road conditions.
The tire sizes for the Sambar Truck 660 are chosen to complement the vehicle's suspension and drivetrain, contributing to its overall stability and handling characteristics. The tires are designed to provide sufficient grip and traction on both dry and wet surfaces, ensuring a confident driving experience.
Subaru focuses on providing tires with appropriate tread patterns and rubber compounds to enhance the vehicle's performance and safety. The selected tire sizes help maintain a smooth and comfortable ride while also contributing to fuel efficiency.
Drivers of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD can expect a balanced driving experience, as the wheel options and tire sizes are carefully selected to harmonize with the vehicle's overall design and engineering.
When it comes to maintaining the wheels and tires, regular inspections and proper inflation are essential for optimal performance and extended tire life. Subaru encourages owners to adhere to the recommended maintenance schedule and seek assistance from authorized dealerships for any tire-related concerns.
Overall, the wheel options and tire sizes of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD are designed to complement the vehicle's performance, providing a stable and enjoyable driving experience for both commercial and personal use.
Conclusion: Evaluating the Sambar Truck's Specs
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD is a capable and versatile utility vehicle that offers practicality, fuel efficiency, and off-road capabilities.With a compact exterior size, the Sambar Truck 660 is well-suited for navigating through urban environments, providing ease of maneuverability in congested city streets and tight parking spaces. Its 4WD system enhances its performance, ensuring better traction and stability on various terrains, making it a reliable choice for off-road adventures and adverse weather conditions.
Under the hood, the 658 cm3 engine delivers adequate power for daily commuting and light hauling tasks, while its fuel efficiency of 39.2 mpg in the US or 6.0 L/100km allows for cost-effective driving and longer travel distances.
Inside the cabin, the Sambar Truck 660 offers a functional and comfortable space for two occupants, with a straightforward dashboard layout and practical interior features. The rear cargo area provides ample room for transporting goods and cargo, catering to small businesses and delivery services.
The 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD strikes a balance between performance, fuel efficiency, and cargo capacity, making it a versatile choice for various transportation needs. Whether used for commercial purposes or personal transportation, this utility vehicle offers practicality and convenience in a compact package.
While it may lack advanced safety features and luxury amenities, the Sambar Truck 660 prioritizes practicality and reliability, making it an affordable and cost-effective option for drivers seeking a capable and efficient utility vehicle.
In conclusion, the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD offers a range of features and capabilities that cater to a diverse set of driving needs. Its practical design, fuel efficiency, off-road capabilities, and interior cargo space make it a functional and dependable choice for those seeking a compact utility vehicle that can handle a variety of tasks and driving conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD
What is the production period of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
What type of drivetrain does the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD have?
What are the available transmission options for the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
What is the engine size and capacity of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
What is the engine code for the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
What is the maximum power output and RPM of the engine in the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
How much torque does the engine produce in the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
What is the fuel tank capacity of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
What is the fuel consumption of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
What are the exterior dimensions of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
How much does the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD weigh?
What is the seating capacity of the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD?
Does the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD come with a 4-wheel steering system?
What type of suspension does the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD have?
Does the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD have a sunroof?
How much cargo space does the 2002 Subaru Sambar Truck 660 Panel van VB high roof 4WD offer?
Brian Wong / AuthorBrian Wong is an accomplished automotive journalist and editor with a passion for cars. With over a decade of experience in the industry, he has established himself as a trusted voice in the automotive community. Brian has written extensively about a wide range of topics in the field, from the latest trends in car design to innovative safety features and emerging technologies. As a senior reviews editor, he is responsible for test driving and analyzing the latest cars on the market, providing readers with accurate and objective reviews. His articles are widely read and respected for their depth of knowledge and analysis. Brian is committed to staying at the forefront of the latest developments in the automotive industry, and is dedicated to sharing his expertise and insights with his readers. |