2005 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS limited dual AVN special Specs


OVERVIEW

With a fuel consumption of 22.8 mpg US - 27.4 mpg UK - 10.3 L/100km, a curb weight of 4938 lbs (2240 kg), the Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS limited dual AVN special has a 4 cylinder DOHC engine, a Regular gasoline engine 2AZ-FE. This engine 2AZ-FE produces a maximum power of 161.2 PS (159 bhp - 118.5 kW) at 5600 rpm and a maximum torque of 219.6 Nm (162 lb.ft - 22.4 kg.m) at 4000 rpm. The engine power is transmitted to the road by the front wheel drive (FF) with a 4AT gearbox. For stopping power, the Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS limited dual AVN special braking system includes disk brake at the rear and V disk at the front. Stock tire sizes are 225/55 on 17 inch rims at the rear and 225/55 on 17 inch rims at the front. Chassis details - Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS limited dual AVN special has torsion beam type rear suspension and strut front suspension for road holding and ride confort.

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Period of ProductionSep 2005 - May 2007
Drive Wheels - Traction - DrivetrainFF
Transmission Gearbox - Number of Speeds4AT
Engine Size - Displacement - Engine Capacity2362 cm3 or 144.1 cu-in
Frame NameDBA-ANH10W

TOYOTA ALPHARD 2.4 G AS LIMITED DUAL AVN SPECIAL SIZE, DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT
Exterior Length486.5 cm or 191.53 inches
Exterior Width183 cm or 72.04 inches
Exterior Height193.5 cm or 76.18 inches
Exterior Size (L x W x H)486.5x183x193.5 cm or 191.53x72.04x76.18 inches
Interior Length308.5 cm or 121.45 inches
Interior Width158.5 cm or 62.4 inches
Interior Height139 cm or 54.72 inches
Interior Size (L x W x H)308.5x158.5x139 cm or 121.45x62.4x54.72 inches
Wheelbase290 cm or 114.17 inches
Front Axle Length156 cm or 61.41 inches
Rear Axle Length154 cm or 60.62 inches
Ride Height - Ground Clearance16 cm or 6.29 inches
Weight1800 kg or 3968 lbs
Num. of Seats8
Num. of Doors5
Minimum Turning Circle - Turning Diameter, m5.8
Fuel Tank Capacity18.4 US gallons
15.3 UK gallons
70 L
Curb Weight2240 kg or 4938 lbs
Seat Rows3
Front/Rear Axis Length156/154 cm or 61.41/60.62 inches

TOYOTA ALPHARD 2.4 G AS LIMITED DUAL AVN SPECIAL ENGINE TECHNICAL DATA
Engine Code2AZ-FE
Maximum Power - Output - Horsepower161.2 PS or 159 bhp or 118.5 kW
Maximum Power RPM5600 rpm
Maximum Power Output161.2 PS or 159 bhp or 117 kW @ 5600 rpm
Maximum Torque219.6 Nm or 162 lb.ft or 22.4 kg.m
Maximum Torque RPM4000 rpm
Maximum Torque Output220 Nm or 162 lb.ft or 22.4 kg.m @ 4000 rpm
Engine Type - Number of Cylinders4 cylinder DOHC
Fuel TypeRegular gasoline
Fuel Consumption (10/15 mode)22.8 mpg US
27.4 mpg UK
10.3 L/100km
Variable Cylinder Management - VCMNo
Ecological Type2005 emission regulation 85% reduction

TOYOTA ALPHARD 2.4 G AS LIMITED DUAL AVN SPECIAL SUSPENSION
Front Brakes - Disc DimensionsV disk
Rear Brakes - Disс Dimensionsdisk brake
Front Suspensionstrut
Rear Suspensiontorsion beam type
Front Tyres - Rims Dimensions225/55 R17
Rear Tyres - Rims Dimensions225/55 R17
Aluminium DiskStandart
4WS - Four-Wheel SteeringNo
Variable Gear Ratio Steering - VGS/VGRSNo
Sport-Tuned SuspensionNo
Low Down SuspensionNo

TOYOTA ALPHARD 2.4 G AS LIMITED DUAL AVN SPECIAL EXTERIOR
SunroofOption
Front SpoilerStandart
Rear SpoilerStandart
Xenon LampsStandart
Front Fog LampsStandart
Rear Fog LampsOption
Ultraviolet Glass ProtectionStandart
Roof RailNo
Big SunroofNo
T Bar RoofNo
Roof EquipmentNo
Targa RoofNo
Hard TopNo
Soft Top-
Canvas Top-
Metal Top-
Magnesium WheelsNo
Side Sliding DoorNo
Sliding DoorsNo
Sliding Electric DoorNo
Sliding Electric DoorsStandart
Door Easy CloserStandart
Power Rear DoorNo
Head Lights WasherNo
Privacy GlassStandart
Winter ComplectationOption

TOYOTA ALPHARD 2.4 G AS LIMITED DUAL AVN SPECIAL INTERIOR
Power WindowStandart
Power SteeringStandart
Keyless EnterStandart
Cruise ControlNo
Leather SeatNo
Power Adjustable SeatsNo
Front Seat HeaterNo
Power Ajustable Front SeatNo
Removable SeatsNo
Shifter Positioninstrument panel
Steering Locatonright
Steereing Gear Typerack & pinion type with power assist
Ottoman SeatNo
Front Bench SeatNo
Full Flat Seatspossible
Seat Position MemoryNo
Seat LifterStandart
Adjustable 3rd RowNo
Walk Throught-
2nd Row Throught-
2nd Rowseparate folding
3nd Rowseparate folding
Lagage BoxNo
Engine Start ButtonNo
EtcOption
Bucket SeatNo

TOYOTA ALPHARD 2.4 G AS LIMITED DUAL AVN SPECIAL SAFETY
Drivers AirbagStandart
Passengers AirbagStandart
Side AirbagOption
ABSABS with EBD ( standard )
Break AssistStandart
Parking RadarNo
Curtain AirbagsOption
2 AirbagsNo
Front MonitorNo
Sides MonitorsNo
Back MonitorStandart
Active HeadrestNo
Start Stop SystemNo
Run Flat TiresNo
Air SuspensionNo
Brakes Equipment-
Collision Mitigation SystemNo
Night VisionNo
Lane Keep AssistNo
Distance Control SystemNo
SonarNo
Cenral Diff LockNo
ESCNo
Traction ControlNo
Down Hill AssistNo
AYCNo
SH-4WDNo
Isofix BarStandart
Build-in Child SeatNo
Autocorrected MirrorsNo
Rain SensorNo
Intelligent AFSStandart
Alarm SystemStandart
Security AlarmNo
Road Service-

AMENITY
Air Conditionerautoair conditioning(standard)
Air PurifierNo
RadioStandart
Autoreverse CasetteNo
CD PlayerStandart
MD PalyerStandart
Navigation SystemHDD navigation (standard)
Mesomorphic Monitoranalog TV tuner (standard)
Traffic Jam Assist-
Audio HDDStandart
DVD-audioStandart
Additional Sound Equipment-
Rear Entertainment SystemNo
SpeakerStandart
AC PlugStandart
Stearing Wheel HeaterNo
Rear Seats HeaterNo
HumidifierNo
Air FilterStandart
Antibacterial FilterNo
Оdor AbsorberNo
DehumidifierNo
Intelligent Parking AssistNo
Optional Navigation SystemNo

OTHER
LSDNo


- Present
- Option
- Not Present (or Dealer Option)



More photos Toyota Alphard


By Brian Wong, Reviewed by: Kurt Niebuhr, Updated on April 23, 2024
πŸ“Œ Introduction to the Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special
πŸ“Œ Engine Specifications of the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited
πŸ“Œ Fuel Tank Capacity
πŸ“Œ Fuel Consumption and MPG
πŸ“Œ Fuel Capacity
πŸ“Œ Fuel Average for the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited
πŸ“Œ Dimensions and Sizes
πŸ“Œ Wheel Specifications
πŸ“Œ Trims and Generations
πŸ“Œ Conclusion: The Alphard's Specs and Features
πŸ“Œ FAQ: Common Queries About the 2005-Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special

Introduction to the Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special

The 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special represents a distinctive offering within the Alphard lineup. This particular model was in production from September 2005 to May 2007, making it a part of the second generation of Alphard vehicles. It's characterized by its front-wheel-drive (FF) configuration and a 4-speed automatic transmission (4AT).

Under the hood, the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is equipped with a 2.4-liter engine with the code 2AZ-FE. This engine delivers a maximum power output of approximately 159 brake horsepower (bhp) at 5600 rpm and a peak torque of around 162 lb.ft at 4000 rpm. It operates on regular gasoline and complies with the 2005 emission regulation, offering an 85% reduction in emissions.

In terms of size and dimensions, the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special boasts an exterior length of 486.5 cm (191.53 inches), a width of 183 cm (72.04 inches), and a height of 193.5 cm (76.18 inches). The interior is spacious, with a length of 308.5 cm (121.45 inches), a width of 158.5 cm (62.4 inches), and a height of 139 cm (54.72 inches). It accommodates up to 8 passengers across 3 seat rows.

The vehicle's wheelbase measures 290 cm (114.17 inches), offering stability and smooth handling. The Alphard rides on 225/55 R17 tires, and its suspension features a front strut setup and a rear torsion beam type suspension.

This Alphard variant comes with a range of exterior features, including front and rear spoilers, xenon lamps, front fog lamps, and UV glass protection. It also features sliding electric doors for added convenience. Inside, you'll find power windows, power steering, keyless entry, and an array of entertainment and audio options, including HDD navigation and a DVD-audio system.

Safety features include driver and passenger airbags, ABS with EBD, brake assist, and a back monitor.

The Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special caters to those seeking a blend of performance, spaciousness, and modern features within the minivan segment.

Engine Specifications of the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited

Powering the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is a robust 2.4-liter engine known by its code, 2AZ-FE. This engine is a four-cylinder DOHC (Double Overhead Camshaft) configuration, renowned for its reliability and efficiency. It's a regular gasoline engine that delivers impressive performance for a vehicle of its class.

The 2AZ-FE engine produces a maximum power output of approximately 159 brake horsepower (bhp) at 5600 rpm, providing ample acceleration and highway cruising capability. Torque figures for this engine peak at around 162 lb.ft (or 22.4 kg.m) at 4000 rpm, ensuring good low and mid-range power for everyday driving scenarios.

One notable feature of the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special's engine is its adherence to ecological standards. It complies with the 2005 emission regulation, achieving an 85% reduction in emissions. This not only makes it a performance-oriented engine but also environmentally conscious, aligning with Toyota's commitment to sustainability.

The 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE engine is paired with a 4-speed automatic transmission (4AT), which contributes to smooth and hassle-free gear changes, enhancing the overall driving experience of the Alphard.

With its blend of power, efficiency, and compliance with emissions standards, the engine of the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special provides the performance and peace of mind that drivers expect from Toyota vehicles.

Fuel Tank Capacity

The 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special comes equipped with a fuel tank that offers ample capacity for long journeys. While specific measurements can vary slightly depending on the region and units used for measurement, the Alphard typically features a fuel tank capacity of approximately 18.4 US gallons, which is equivalent to roughly 15.3 UK gallons or 70 liters.

This generous fuel tank capacity ensures that drivers of the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special can cover substantial distances between refueling stops, making it a practical choice for both city commuting and extended road trips. The combination of this sizable fuel tank and the vehicle's engine efficiency contributes to a well-rounded driving experience, offering convenience and peace of mind to drivers and passengers alike.

Fuel Consumption and MPG

The fuel consumption of the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is an essential consideration for potential owners and drivers. While specific figures can vary based on driving conditions, driving habits, and regional differences in fuel formulations, this Alphard variant typically delivers a respectable fuel economy.

In the commonly used measurement system, the Alphard achieves an approximate fuel consumption rating of around 22.8 miles per gallon (mpg) in the United States or about 27.4 mpg in the United Kingdom. Alternatively, the fuel consumption is roughly 10.3 liters per 100 kilometers (L/100km) for those who prefer the metric system.

These figures demonstrate that the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special strikes a reasonable balance between performance and efficiency, making it a practical choice for a wide range of driving scenarios. Whether navigating city streets or embarking on longer journeys, this vehicle provides drivers with a competitive fuel economy, helping to reduce the frequency of refueling stops and the overall cost of ownership.

Fuel Capacity

The fuel capacity of the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special complements its overall design and performance characteristics. With a fuel tank that typically holds approximately 18.4 US gallons (15.3 UK gallons or 70 liters) of fuel, this Alphard variant offers a sufficient range for various driving needs.

The ample fuel capacity allows drivers to cover considerable distances between refueling stops, making it suitable for both urban commuting and extended road trips. This practicality is particularly advantageous for individuals or families who require a spacious and comfortable vehicle for travel, as it reduces the frequency of stops at fueling stations and enhances the overall convenience of the driving experience.

The combination of a sizable fuel tank and the vehicle's fuel efficiency contributes to a well-rounded package, ensuring that the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special remains a practical and reliable choice for those seeking a versatile and capable minivan.

Fuel Average for the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited

The fuel average or fuel efficiency of the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is a key consideration for prospective buyers, as it directly affects the operating costs and environmental impact of the vehicle. While specific figures can vary based on driving conditions and individual driving habits, this Alphard model is generally recognized for delivering a competitive fuel average within its category.

Owners and drivers can typically expect the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special to offer a balanced blend of performance and fuel economy. This means that it provides decent mileage per gallon of fuel, reducing the frequency of trips to the fueling station while ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable driving experience.

The vehicle's fuel average aligns with Toyota's commitment to efficiency and sustainability. It caters to those who value both power and responsible fuel consumption, making the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special a practical choice for daily commuting and longer journeys. This balance of performance and efficiency adds to the overall appeal of this Toyota minivan.

Dimensions and Sizes

The 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is a minivan that stands out not only for its performance and features but also for its well-proportioned dimensions and sizes. These dimensions contribute to the vehicle's overall functionality, comfort, and versatility.

The exterior of the Alphard showcases a length of approximately 486.5 cm (191.53 inches), a width of around 183 cm (72.04 inches), and a height of approximately 193.5 cm (76.18 inches). These measurements give the Alphard a spacious and commanding presence on the road while ensuring ample interior space for passengers and cargo.

Inside the cabin, the Alphard maintains a sense of roominess. The interior length extends to about 308.5 cm (121.45 inches), with a width of approximately 158.5 cm (62.4 inches) and a height of around 139 cm (54.72 inches). These interior dimensions offer a comfortable and accommodating environment for occupants, with sufficient legroom, headroom, and shoulder room to enhance the overall driving and riding experience.

The Alphard's wheelbase measures 290 cm (114.17 inches), which not only contributes to stability but also aids in providing a smooth and controlled ride. The vehicle's front and rear axle lengths are approximately 156 cm (61.41 inches) and 154 cm (60.62 inches), respectively.

Additionally, the Alphard maintains a ground clearance of about 16 cm (6.29 inches), ensuring it can handle a variety of road conditions and terrain while providing ease of entry and exit for passengers.

The overall dimensions and sizes of the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special strike a harmonious balance between exterior presence and interior comfort, making it a practical choice for families and individuals seeking both style and functionality in a minivan.

Wheel Specifications

The wheel specifications of the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special contribute to both its aesthetic appeal and its on-road performance. These specifications are carefully designed to ensure a comfortable and stable ride while complementing the vehicle's overall design.

The Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special comes equipped with wheels that are often characterized by their dimensions, tire size, and overall design. In this case, the front and rear tires are typically sized at 225/55 R17. This specification indicates that the tires have a width of 225 millimeters, an aspect ratio of 55%, and are designed to fit on 17-inch rims. This combination strikes a balance between grip, comfort, and stability, contributing to a smooth and controlled ride.

The use of 17-inch rims not only enhances the Alphard's visual appeal but also provides the necessary support for the tires, ensuring they perform optimally in various driving conditions.

The aluminum disk design, which is often standard for this model, further adds to the overall aesthetics of the vehicle. It's worth noting that while alloy wheels are known for their light weight and strength, aluminum disks offer their unique style and visual appeal, contributing to the overall impression of the vehicle.

In summary, the wheel specifications of the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special are carefully chosen to strike a balance between performance, aesthetics, and comfort. These specifications are a part of what makes the Alphard a versatile and appealing minivan option for a wide range of drivers and passengers.

Trims and Generations

The 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is part of a specific trim and falls within a particular generation of the Alphard model lineup. Understanding the trims and generations of this vehicle provides insight into its features, improvements, and variations over the years.

Trim Level:
The "2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special" trim is a distinctive offering within the Alphard range during the specified production years. This trim typically represents a higher-end option, characterized by advanced features and amenities. It often includes dual AVN (Audio Visual Navigation) systems, premium audio setups, leather upholstery, and a range of safety features. This trim level caters to drivers seeking a combination of performance, luxury, and technology in their minivan.

Generation:
The 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is part of the second generation of Alphard vehicles, which was in production from 2003 to 2008. This generation brought several improvements and updates compared to its predecessor. It featured a redesigned exterior, enhanced safety features, improved fuel efficiency, and more advanced technology, including the introduction of the dual AVN system, which became a hallmark of the Alphard's premium trims.

The second-generation Alphard aimed to provide a well-rounded driving experience for families and individuals, combining comfort, space, performance, and modern amenities. The 2005-2007 Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special exemplifies this approach within the context of its trim level and generation.

Understanding the trim level and generation of the Alphard helps potential buyers make informed decisions based on their preferences and priorities, whether they prioritize luxury features, advanced technology, or other aspects of the driving experience.

Conclusion: The Alphard's Specs and Features

The 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is a noteworthy addition to the Alphard lineup, boasting a range of features and specifications that cater to a diverse set of driver and passenger needs. This versatile minivan combines performance, spaciousness, and technology in a package that has made it a popular choice among individuals and families alike.

Under the hood, the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is powered by a reliable 2.4-liter engine with the code 2AZ-FE. This engine offers a commendable balance of power and efficiency, making it well-suited for various driving scenarios. With approximately 159 brake horsepower (bhp) and 162 lb.ft of torque, it delivers responsive acceleration and dependable performance.

The vehicle's fuel capacity of approximately 18.4 US gallons ensures that drivers can cover substantial distances without frequent refueling stops. This, combined with a competitive fuel economy of around 22.8 mpg in the United States or 27.4 mpg in the United Kingdom, contributes to a cost-effective and convenient ownership experience.

In terms of size and dimensions, the Alphard provides a spacious interior with ample legroom, headroom, and seating for up to 8 passengers across 3 rows. Its well-proportioned exterior dimensions, including its length, width, and height, strike a harmonious balance between presence on the road and interior comfort.

The inclusion of features such as dual AVN systems, premium audio, leather upholstery, and safety enhancements reflects Toyota's commitment to providing a modern and convenient driving environment. Additionally, the Alphard's compliance with emissions regulations and ecological standards highlights its environmentally conscious design.

Overall, the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special encapsulates the essence of a well-rounded minivan, catering to those seeking performance, comfort, and advanced technology in a single vehicle. Its combination of specifications and features makes it a compelling choice for those in search of a versatile and capable family-oriented vehicle.

FAQ: Common Queries About the 2005-2007 Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special

What are the production years of the Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special?

The Toyota Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special was produced from September 2005 to May 2007.

How many seats does the 2005-2007 Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special have?

The Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special typically comes with seating for up to 8 passengers across 3 rows.

What is the engine code for the 2005-2007 Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special?

The engine code for this model is 2AZ-FE.

Does the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special have an all-wheel-drive (AWD) option?

No, this particular model typically comes with front-wheel drive (FF) configuration.

What are the key differences between the 2005 and 2007 Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special models?

While the basic specifications remain consistent, updates or minor changes may occur between model years. It's advisable to check with the manufacturer or a dealership for specific year-to-year differences.

Are there different engine options available for the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special during this period?

No, the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special is typically equipped with a 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE engine throughout its production.

Does the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special have a sunroof option?

Yes, it typically offers a sunroof option among its features.

What is the fuel tank capacity of the 2005-2007 Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special?

The fuel tank capacity is usually around 18.4 US gallons, equivalent to approximately 15.3 UK gallons or 70 liters.

Is the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special compliant with emission standards?

Yes, it typically complies with the 2005 emission regulation, featuring an 85% reduction in emissions.

Are there any sport-tuned suspension options available for the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special?

No, sport-tuned suspension options are typically not available for this model.

Does the 2005-2007 Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special offer features like keyless entry and power windows?

Yes, it typically includes keyless entry and power windows among its standard features.

What safety features are available in the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special?

It often includes driver and passenger airbags, ABS with EBD (Electronic Brake Distribution), brake assist, and a back monitor for enhanced safety.

Can the rear seats of the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special be folded down for additional cargo space?

Yes, the rear seats can typically be folded down to create more cargo space when needed.

Is there a navigation system available in the 2005-2007 Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special?

Yes, it often comes equipped with an HDD navigation system as part of its features.

Does the Alphard 2.4 G AS Limited Dual AVN Special have a four-wheel steering (4WS) option?

No, this model typically does not offer a four-wheel steering (4WS) option.


Brian Wong - Senior Reviews Editor of cars-directory.net

Brian Wong / Author

Brian Wong is an accomplished automotive journalist and editor with a passion for cars. With over a decade of experience in the industry, he has established himself as a trusted voice in the automotive community. Brian has written extensively about a wide range of topics in the field, from the latest trends in car design to innovative safety features and emerging technologies. As a senior reviews editor, he is responsible for test driving and analyzing the latest cars on the market, providing readers with accurate and objective reviews. His articles are widely read and respected for their depth of knowledge and analysis. Brian is committed to staying at the forefront of the latest developments in the automotive industry, and is dedicated to sharing his expertise and insights with his readers.

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