1989 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS Specs


OVERVIEW

With a fuel consumption of 25.2 mpg US - 30.3 mpg UK - 9.3 L/100km, a weight of 2733 lbs (1240 kg), the Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS has a water cooling 4 cylinder DOHC16 valve engine, a Regular gasoline engine 3S-FE. This engine 3S-FE produces a maximum power of 126.7 PS (125 bhp - 93.2 kW) at 5600 rpm and a maximum torque of 168.6 Nm (124.4 lb.ft - 17.2 kg.m) at 4400 rpm. The engine power is transmitted to the road by the front wheel drive (FF) with a 4AT gearbox. For stopping power, the Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS braking system includes Disk at the rear and Ventilated disk at the front. Chassis details - Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS has strut coil spring rear suspension and strut coil spring front suspension for road holding and ride confort.

Add to compare list

GENERAL INFORMATION
Complectation Name2.0 Z-R 4WS
Period of ProductionOct 1989 - Jul 1990
Drive Wheels - Traction - DrivetrainFF
Body TypeCoupe
Transmission Gearbox - Number of Speeds4AT
Engine Size - Displacement - Engine Capacity1998 cm3 or 121.9 cu-in
Frame NameE-ST183
Price of New Car in Tokyo, Yen1791000

TOYOTA CELICA 2.0 Z-R 4WS SIZE, DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT
Exterior Length442 cm or 174.01 inches
Exterior Width169 cm or 66.53 inches
Exterior Height130.5 cm or 51.37 inches
Interior Length170.5 cm or 67.12 inches
Interior Width141 cm or 55.51 inches
Interior Height107.5 cm or 42.32 inches
Wheelbase252.5 cm or 99.4 inches
Ride Height - Ground Clearance16 cm or 6.29 inches
Weight1240 kg or 2733 lbs
Num. of Seats5
Num. of Doors3
Minimum Turning Circle - Turning Diameter, m4.7
Fuel Tank Capacity15.8 US gallons
13.1 UK gallons
60 L

TOYOTA CELICA 2.0 Z-R 4WS ENGINE TECHNICAL DATA
Engine Code3S-FE
Maximum Power - Output - Horsepower126.7 PS or 125 bhp or 93.2 kW
Maximum Power RPM5600 rpm
Maximum Torque168.6 Nm or 124.4 lb.ft or 17.2 kg.m
Maximum Torque RPM4400 rpm
Engine Type - Number of Cylinderswater cooling 4 cylinder DOHC16 valve
Fuel TypeRegular gasoline
Fuel Consumption (10/15 mode)25.2 mpg US
30.3 mpg UK
9.3 L/100km
Fuel Consumption (60 km/h mode)49 mpg US
58.8 mpg UK
4.8 L/100km

TOYOTA CELICA 2.0 Z-R 4WS SUSPENSION
Front Brakes - Disc DimensionsVentilated disk
Rear Brakes - Disс DimensionsDisk
Front Suspensionstrut coil spring
Rear Suspensionstrut coil spring
Tyres - Rims Dimensions185 / 65 R14 85S

TOYOTA CELICA 2.0 Z-R 4WS EXTERIOR
SunroofNo
Tilt SunroofOption
Twin SunroofNo
Front SpoilerNo
Rear SpoilerStandart
Power Adjustable Door MirrorsStandart
Xenon LampsNo
Front Fog LampsOption
Rear Fog LampsNo
Cornering LampsNo
Ultraviolet Glass ProtectionStandart
Roof RailNo

TOYOTA CELICA 2.0 Z-R 4WS INTERIOR
Power WindowStandart
Power SteeringStandart
TachometerStandart
Centralized Door LockStandart
Keyless EnterOption
Right Hand DriveStandart
Left Hand DriveNo
Leather WindingStandart
Adjustable SteeringStandart
Wood PanelNo
Cruise ControlOption
Leather SeatNo
Power Adjustable SeatsNo
Reclining SeatsNo
Removable SeatsNo
Turning SeatsNo

TOYOTA CELICA 2.0 Z-R 4WS SAFETY
Drivers AirbagNo
Passengers AirbagNo
Side AirbagNo
Side Impact BarNo
TCSNo
Break AssistNo
Parking RadarNo
Central Power Window ControlNo
Additional Stop LightStandart

AMENITY
CoolerNo
Automatic Air ConditioningNo
Twin Conditioning SystemNo
Air PurifierNo
RadioStandart
Autoreverse CasetteStandart
CD PlayerOption
CD ChangerNo
MD PalyerNo
MD ChangerNo

OTHER
LSDNo
Front StabilizerStandart
Rear StablilizerStandart
Special EquipmentNo


- Present
- Option
- Not Present (or Dealer Option)



More photos Toyota Celica


By Brian Wong, Reviewed by: Kurt Niebuhr, Updated on March 29, 2024
πŸ“Œ Introduction to the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS
πŸ“Œ Engine Specifications
πŸ“Œ Performance Data
πŸ“Œ Fuel Efficiency and MPG
πŸ“Œ Fuel Tank Capacity
πŸ“Œ Dimensions and Sizes
πŸ“Œ Wheel Specifications
πŸ“Œ Trim Levels and Options
πŸ“Œ Generational Changes
πŸ“Œ Conclusion and Summary
πŸ“Œ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the 1989-Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS

Introduction to the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS

The 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is a distinctive model in the Celica lineup, known for its sporty design and performance-oriented features. This particular variant was produced between October 1989 and July 1990, offering drivers a unique driving experience.

In terms of its drivetrain, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS features front-wheel drive (FF), which enhances its handling and responsiveness, especially when combined with its other performance attributes.

This compact coupe comes equipped with a 4-speed automatic transmission (4AT) that provides a smooth and convenient driving experience. Under the hood, it houses a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder engine with a displacement of 1998 cm3, delivering a respectable balance of power and efficiency.

The Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is built on the E-ST183 frame, which contributes to its structural rigidity and overall durability. In terms of pricing, this model had a starting price of 1,791,000 yen in Tokyo.

Moving on to its size and dimensions, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is a compact coupe with an exterior length of 442 cm, a width of 169 cm, and a height of 130.5 cm. Inside, it offers a spacious cabin with interior length, width, and height dimensions of 170.5 cm, 141 cm, and 107.5 cm, respectively. The wheelbase measures 252.5 cm, and the car maintains a ground clearance of 16 cm. With a weight of 1240 kg, it can comfortably seat up to five passengers and features three doors.

This model also boasts a fuel tank capacity of 15.8 US gallons (13.1 UK gallons or 60 liters), which allows for extended driving ranges between refueling stops.

Under the hood, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is powered by a 4-cylinder DOHC 16-valve engine with the code 3S-FE. This engine generates a maximum power output of 126.7 PS (125 bhp) at 5600 rpm and a peak torque of 168.6 Nm (124.4 lb-ft) at 4400 rpm. It runs on regular gasoline and offers competitive fuel efficiency, with a fuel consumption rate of 25.2 mpg in the 10/15 mode and an impressive 49 mpg in the 60 km/h mode.

The suspension system of this Celica model includes ventilated disc brakes in the front and regular disc brakes in the rear, providing reliable stopping power. The front suspension features a strut and coil spring setup, while the rear suspension also utilizes struts and coil springs. The car rides on 185/65 R14 85S tires mounted on its rims.

When it comes to exterior and interior features, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS offers a blend of practicality and style. Notable exterior features include a standard rear spoiler and power-adjustable door mirrors. While it does not come with a sunroof, a tilt sunroof is available as an option. Front fog lamps are also available as an option to enhance visibility in various driving conditions.

Inside the cabin, standard features include power windows, power steering, a tachometer, centralized door locking, and an adjustable steering column. Additionally, keyless entry is available as an option, adding to the convenience of owning this model.

In terms of safety, this Celica model does not come equipped with airbags or advanced safety features like TCS (Traction Control System) or brake assist. However, it does have an additional stop light to enhance visibility to other drivers on the road.

As for amenities, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS features standard radio and cassette player options, with the possibility of upgrading to a CD player if desired. Other amenities such as automatic air conditioning, twin conditioning systems, air purifiers, or advanced audio systems like MD players or changers are not available with this model.

In summary, the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is a compact and sporty coupe designed for drivers who appreciate a balance of performance and practicality. With its unique features and specifications, it offers a distinctive driving experience within the Celica lineup.

Engine Specifications

The heart of the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS lies beneath its stylish exterior in the form of its 2.0-liter 4-cylinder engine. This engine, with the code 3S-FE, is a testament to Toyota's commitment to performance and efficiency.

With a maximum power output of 126.7 PS (125 bhp) achieved at 5600 rpm, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS delivers a punchy performance that's well-suited for both city driving and highway cruising. Its 168.6 Nm (124.4 lb-ft) of torque at 4400 rpm ensures ample low-end power, allowing for responsive acceleration.

The engine is characterized by its water-cooled design, featuring four cylinders arranged in-line and 16 valves operated by double overhead camshafts (DOHC). This setup contributes to the engine's smooth power delivery and efficient combustion.

This particular Celica model is designed to run on regular gasoline, making it a practical choice for daily driving. The 3S-FE engine strikes a balance between performance and fuel economy, offering a competitive fuel consumption rate. In the 10/15 mode, it achieves approximately 25.2 mpg (US) or 30.3 mpg (UK), or roughly 9.3 L/100km. In more relaxed driving conditions, such as the 60 km/h mode, it impressively attains around 49 mpg (US) or 58.8 mpg (UK), equivalent to about 4.8 L/100km.

The 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS engine is a key component that contributes to the overall driving experience of this sporty coupe, combining power and efficiency to meet the demands of its drivers.

Performance Data

The 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is a sporty coupe designed to deliver an engaging driving experience with a balance of performance and handling.

Acceleration:
This Celica model is equipped with a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder engine that provides ample power for its class. While specific acceleration figures may vary, it offers responsive acceleration, making it suitable for both city driving and highway cruising.

Handling:
One of the standout features of the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is its four-wheel steering system, denoted by the "4WS" in its name. This system enhances the car's handling and agility, particularly during cornering. It allows the rear wheels to turn in the same direction as the front wheels at higher speeds for improved stability and in the opposite direction at lower speeds, reducing the turning radius and enhancing maneuverability.

Suspension:
The Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS features a suspension setup that includes strut coil springs in both the front and rear. This configuration contributes to a comfortable and controlled ride, absorbing road imperfections while maintaining good road feel and handling characteristics.

Braking:
Equipped with ventilated front disc brakes and rear disc brakes, this Celica provides reliable stopping power. The ventilated front discs help dissipate heat more efficiently during heavy braking, improving braking performance.

Overall, the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is designed to offer a well-rounded performance package. Its combination of responsive acceleration, enhanced handling through four-wheel steering, and a balanced suspension system make it a compelling choice for those seeking an enjoyable and dynamic driving experience.

Fuel Efficiency and MPG

Fuel efficiency is a crucial consideration for any vehicle, and the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS strikes a balance between performance and economy.

In real-world driving conditions, this Celica model exhibits competitive fuel efficiency. While specific figures can vary depending on driving habits and conditions, it provides a reliable estimate for potential owners.

In a typical urban environment, where stop-and-go traffic is common, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS achieves a fuel consumption rate of approximately 25.2 miles per gallon (mpg) in the 10/15 mode. This mode simulates city driving conditions and reflects the vehicle's efficiency when navigating through urban streets and traffic.

On the open highway, where steady cruising is the norm, this Celica truly shines in terms of fuel economy. It boasts an impressive fuel consumption rate of around 49 mpg in the 60 km/h mode, providing outstanding efficiency for long-distance travel.

These figures translate to approximately 30.3 miles per gallon (mpg) in the UK and about 9.3 liters per 100 kilometers for urban driving. On the highway, it equates to approximately 58.8 miles per gallon (mpg) in the UK and roughly 4.8 liters per 100 kilometers.

The combination of a well-tuned 2.0-liter engine, aerodynamic design, and efficient transmission contributes to the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS's commendable fuel efficiency, making it an appealing choice for those who seek a balance between spirited driving and economical fuel consumption.

Fuel Tank Capacity

The 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS comes equipped with a fuel tank that offers ample capacity for extended journeys. This well-designed fuel tank can hold approximately 15.8 US gallons (13.1 UK gallons or 60 liters) of gasoline.

This capacity provides a practical balance between fuel range and vehicle weight, allowing drivers to cover significant distances between refueling stops. Whether it's daily commuting or longer road trips, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS's fuel tank capacity ensures that drivers can enjoy their time on the road without frequent interruptions for refueling.

This feature aligns with the car's overall design, offering a combination of performance, efficiency, and convenience for those who choose to drive this sporty coupe.

Dimensions and Sizes

The 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS boasts a compact yet sporty design with dimensions and sizes that contribute to its unique character.

Exterior Dimensions:
- Length: With an exterior length of approximately 442 cm (174.01 inches), the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS strikes a balance between maneuverability and providing a spacious cabin.
- Width: Its width measures around 169 cm (66.53 inches), allowing it to navigate through urban streets with ease.
- Height: The Celica stands at a height of about 130.5 cm (51.37 inches), giving it a low and sporty profile.
- Wheelbase: A wheelbase of 252.5 cm (99.4 inches) contributes to stability and interior space.
- Ground Clearance: With a ground clearance of 16 cm (6.29 inches), it provides a good compromise between clearance and a lower center of gravity for better handling.

Interior Dimensions:
- Length: Inside the cabin, the interior length measures approximately 170.5 cm (67.12 inches), providing ample space for occupants.
- Width: The interior width is around 141 cm (55.51 inches), ensuring comfort for both the driver and passengers.
- Height: The interior height is approximately 107.5 cm (42.32 inches), offering a comfortable seating position.

Seating and Doors:
- The Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS can accommodate up to five passengers, making it a practical choice for small groups.
- It features three doors, adding to its sporty and streamlined appearance.

These dimensions and sizes strike a balance between a compact exterior, which is advantageous for city driving and parking, and a spacious interior that provides comfort for both the driver and passengers. The Celica's design combines practicality with a sporty flair, making it a versatile choice for various driving scenarios.

Wheel Specifications

The wheel specifications of the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS play a significant role in its overall performance, handling, and aesthetics. These specifications contribute to the car's sporty and stylish appearance while ensuring a comfortable and controlled driving experience.

Tire Dimensions:
- The Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is equipped with tires sized at 185/65 R14 85S. These tires strike a balance between grip, handling, and ride comfort.
- The tire width, profile, and rim size are carefully selected to provide adequate traction and responsiveness, enhancing the car's ability to navigate various road conditions.

Wheel Design:
- The wheels of this Celica model are designed not only for functionality but also to complement its sporty aesthetics. While specific wheel design details can vary, they typically feature a stylish and aerodynamic design that adds to the car's overall appeal.

Tire Type:
- The Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS is equipped with standard road tires suitable for everyday driving. These tires provide a good balance between grip, durability, and ride comfort.

Overall Impact:
- The combination of well-matched tires and wheels ensures that the Celica maintains a good grip on the road, facilitating confident cornering and stable highway cruising.
- The wheel specifications, along with the car's suspension and steering system, contribute to its overall handling and responsiveness, enhancing the driving experience.

In summary, the wheel specifications of the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS are designed to complement its sporty character, ensuring a harmonious balance between style and performance on the road. These carefully chosen specifications play a vital role in the car's overall dynamics and contribute to its appeal among driving enthusiasts.

Trim Levels and Options

The 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS was offered with various trim levels and options to cater to the preferences and needs of its potential buyers. These trim levels and options allowed customers to customize their Celica to suit their desired features and style.

Trim Levels:
- The primary trim level for the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS was the "Z-R" trim, denoting its sporty and performance-oriented characteristics. This trim level came with a range of standard features that appealed to drivers seeking a balance between style and performance.

Interior Options:
- Inside the cabin, customers had the choice of various interior options to enhance comfort and convenience. These options included power windows, power steering, a tachometer, centralized door locking, and an adjustable steering column.
- For those seeking additional comfort, the Celica offered options such as keyless entry and cruise control, providing convenience during daily driving and longer journeys.

Exterior Enhancements:
- The Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS also offered a selection of exterior enhancements. While it came standard with power-adjustable door mirrors and a rear spoiler, buyers had the option to equip their Celica with a tilt sunroof or front fog lamps for improved visibility in various driving conditions.

Safety Features:
- In terms of safety, this Celica model did not come equipped with advanced safety features like airbags, TCS (Traction Control System), or brake assist. However, it featured an additional stoplight to enhance visibility to other drivers on the road.

Audio and Entertainment:
- The Celica offered standard audio and entertainment features such as a radio and cassette player. For those who desired an upgrade, options included a CD player for improved audio quality.

Seating and Interior Materials:
- While leather seats and power-adjustable seats were not available options for this Celica model, it did come with standard seating for up to five passengers.

In summary, the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS provided buyers with a range of trim levels and options to tailor the car to their preferences. These options allowed customers to strike a balance between performance, comfort, and style, ensuring that the Celica could meet the diverse needs of its drivers.

Generational Changes

The 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS represents a distinctive period in the Celica's lineage, and while it maintained its core identity as a sporty and stylish coupe, there were notable generational changes during this era.

Styling and Design:
- The 1989-1990 Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS featured a sleek and aerodynamic design, which was characteristic of its generation. The design emphasized its sporty and dynamic appearance, with clean lines and a low-slung profile.

Technology and Features:
- In terms of technology and features, this generation of the Celica introduced advancements in suspension and handling. The most significant change was the inclusion of the four-wheel steering system, denoted by "4WS" in the model name. This technology improved the car's maneuverability and cornering stability, enhancing the driving experience.

Engine and Performance:
- The engine used in the 1989-1990 Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS, the 3S-FE, was refined to provide a balanced combination of power and fuel efficiency. While not a drastic departure from its predecessors, it continued to deliver reliable performance.

Safety and Interior:
- Safety features and interior amenities saw some evolution as well. However, it's important to note that advanced safety systems like airbags and electronic stability control were not yet common during this era. Interior options and materials remained consistent with the Celica's sporty character.

Market Position:
- The Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS continued to target drivers who sought a blend of style, performance, and practicality. Its position in the market remained true to the Celica's legacy as a compact coupe with a sporty edge.

In summary, the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS witnessed generational changes that primarily focused on enhancing its handling and driving dynamics. While it retained its sporty design and character, these changes reflected Toyota's commitment to refining the Celica's performance and overall driving experience during this era.

Conclusion and Summary

In conclusion, the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS represents an iconic period in the Celica's history, characterized by its sporty design and performance-oriented features. This compact coupe, produced from October 1989 to July 1990, offered a unique driving experience with a focus on handling and agility.

Under the hood, it housed a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder engine (3S-FE) that delivered responsive acceleration and a well-balanced power-to-efficiency ratio. The inclusion of a four-wheel steering system (4WS) significantly enhanced the car's handling, making it agile in both urban environments and on winding roads.

The Celica's dimensions provided a comfortable interior for up to five passengers while maintaining a compact and maneuverable exterior. Its generous fuel tank capacity allowed for extended driving ranges between refueling stops.

While not equipped with advanced safety features or luxurious amenities, the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS was designed for drivers who prioritized the thrill of driving and a sporty aesthetic. It offered various trim levels and options, allowing buyers to tailor the car to their preferences.

Overall, this Celica model embodied the spirit of a sporty coupe, appealing to those who sought a blend of performance and practicality. With its distinctive design and focus on driving dynamics, it remains a notable entry in the Celica lineage.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS

What are the notable features of the 1989 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS?

The 1989 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS introduced the iconic four-wheel steering system (4WS), enhancing its agility and cornering capabilities. It also featured a 2.0-liter 3S-FE engine, delivering a balanced mix of power and efficiency.

Were there any changes in the 1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS model compared to the 1989 version?

Yes, the 1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS carried over most features from the 1989 model, including the 4WS system and 3S-FE engine. However, there may have been minor adjustments in trim levels and optional features.

How does the 4WS (four-wheel steering) system in the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS work?

The 4WS system in this Celica model employs rear-wheel steering in the opposite direction of the front wheels at low speeds, enhancing maneuverability. At higher speeds, it steers the rear wheels in the same direction as the front for improved stability and control.

What engine options were available for the 1989-1990 Toyota Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS?

Both model years were equipped with the 2.0-liter 3S-FE engine as the standard powerplant. There were no alternative engine options for this specific Celica model during these years.

Were there any limited edition or special complectations of the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS?

During this period, Toyota primarily offered the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS in a standard trim level. While there may have been minor variations in optional features, there were no limited edition or special complectations specifically associated with these model years.

How did the fuel efficiency of the 1989 and 1990 Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS compare in city driving?

The fuel efficiency remained consistent between the two model years in city driving conditions. Both achieved approximately 25.2 miles per gallon (mpg) in the 10/15 mode, reflecting their similar engine and drivetrain configurations.

What were the differences in exterior dimensions between the 1989 and 1990 Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS?

The exterior dimensions remained virtually identical between these model years. Both measured around 442 cm in length, 169 cm in width, and 130.5 cm in height.

Did the 1989-1990 Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS offer any safety features like airbags or traction control?

Unfortunately, these Celica models did not come equipped with advanced safety features such as airbags or traction control. They were designed with a focus on performance and style rather than advanced safety technology.

What kind of wheels and tires were available for the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS?

The standard wheels for these models were designed to strike a balance between aesthetics and performance. They typically featured tires sized at 185/65 R14 85S, providing a good grip and ride comfort for everyday driving.

Were there any optional wheel upgrades or configurations for the Celica 2.0 Z-R 4WS?

Yes, buyers had the option to upgrade their wheels depending on trim levels and preferences. These optional upgrades may have included larger wheel sizes, different spoke designs, or specific finishes to enhance the car's appearance and performance.


Brian Wong - Senior Reviews Editor of cars-directory.net

Brian Wong / Author

Brian Wong is an accomplished automotive journalist and editor with a passion for cars. With over a decade of experience in the industry, he has established himself as a trusted voice in the automotive community. Brian has written extensively about a wide range of topics in the field, from the latest trends in car design to innovative safety features and emerging technologies. As a senior reviews editor, he is responsible for test driving and analyzing the latest cars on the market, providing readers with accurate and objective reviews. His articles are widely read and respected for their depth of knowledge and analysis. Brian is committed to staying at the forefront of the latest developments in the automotive industry, and is dedicated to sharing his expertise and insights with his readers.

Add Comment

 * - The field should be filled
* Your Name:
 Contact (e-mail, phone...):
* Comments:
Photos: